Chapter 25 Bio

Front 1

what were the earliest forms of life on earth

Back 1

Microorganisms

Front 2

when did these organisms show up

Back 2

3.5 billion years ago

Front 3

how many stages are there to the emergence of the first living organism

Back 3

Four

Front 4

what are the stages

Back 4

non-living synthesis of small organic molecules, the joining of the small organic molecules into larger ones, the formation of protocells with membranes that maintain an internal chemistry different from the surrounding environment , and the origin of self replicating molecules that would make inheritance possible

Front 5

what are ribozymes

Back 5

Rna catalysts, some of which can replicate complementary section of rna

Front 6

what is fossil record based on

Back 6

The sequences of fossils found in sedimentary rock

Front 7

what does the records document

Back 7

The various species that have existed on Earth over geological time and the major changes that organisms have gone through and major extinction events

Front 8

why is the records not complete

Back 8

Not all species have been discovered or have individuals that dies under the correct conditions for the formation of fossils

Front 9

what were the key events in the geological record

Back 9

First single cell organisms, first eukaryotes, Cambrian explosion, colonization of land, and plate tectonics and continental drift and mass extinctions

Front 10

what are stromatolites

Back 10

Fossilized single celled prokaryotes that are the first evidence of life dating back 3.5 billion years

Front 11

what are prokaryotes

Back 11

Similar to present day cyanobacteria produced gaseous oxygen which first saturated the oceans and then the atmosphere

Front 12

when and where was evidence of the oxygen revolution found

Back 12

In the iron rich rocks dating back 2.7 billion years ago

Front 13

when were the earliest eukaryotes found

Back 13

2.4 billion years ago

Front 14

what is the endosymbiont theory

Back 14

Mitochondria and plastids were originally free-living prokaryotes that became symbionts with other cells

Front 15

when was the earliest multi-cellular eukaryotes found

Back 15

1.5 billion years ago

Front 16

when was the Cambrian explosion

Back 16

535-525 million years ago

Front 17

what are examples of the firs animals with hard body parts

Back 17

Sponges, onidarians, and mollusks

Front 18

what was another first animal we see

Back 18

Predators

Front 19

how long ago did large life forms start colonizing on land

Back 19

500 million years ago

Front 20

what did animals have to evolve to survive on land

Back 20

Mechanisms to prevent dehydration

Front 21

what are examples of these mechanisms

Back 21

Water proof coatings vascular systems, osmotic regulation

Front 22

what is the earth’s crust composed of

Back 22

Plates that float and move on the molten mantle

Front 23

what affects did continental drift have

Back 23

Ocean circulation climates and habitats

Front 24

what are the evidences of plate tectonics

Back 24

Puzzle piece shape of continents, fossils of tropical ferns in Antarctica, and marine fossils not near oceans

Front 25

how many extinctions have there been in the last 500 million years

Back 25

Five

Front 26

which ones causes the greatest amounts of extinctions

Back 26

The Permian and cretaceous

Front 27

what was the Permian extinction associated with

Back 27

Extensive volcanic activity

Front 28

when was the cretaceous extinction

Back 28

65.5 million years ago

Front 29

what is associated with the cretaceous extinction

Back 29

The end of dinosaurs which is linked to a meteor impact on the Yucatan peninsula

Front 30

what were the earliest forms of life on earth

Back 30

Microorganisms

Front 31

when did these organisms show up

Back 31

3.5 billion years ago

Front 32

how many stages are there to the emergence of the first living organism

Back 32

Four

Front 33

what are the stages

Back 33

non-living synthesis of small organic molecules, the joining of the small organic molecules into larger ones, the formation of protocells with membranes that maintain an internal chemistry different from the surrounding environment , and the origin of self replicating molecules that would make inheritance possible

Front 34

what are ribozymes

Back 34

Rna catalysts, some of which can replicate complementary section of rna

Front 35

what is fossil record based on

Back 35

The sequences of fossils found in sedimentary rock

Front 36

what does the records document

Back 36

The various species that have existed on Earth over geological time and the major changes that organisms have gone through and major extinction events

Front 37

why is the records not complete

Back 37

Not all species have been discovered or have individuals that dies under the correct conditions for the formation of fossils

Front 38

what were the key events in the geological record

Back 38

First single cell organisms, first eukaryotes, Cambrian explosion, colonization of land, and plate tectonics and continental drift and mass extinctions

Front 39

what are stromatolites

Back 39

Fossilized single celled prokaryotes that are the first evidence of life dating back 3.5 billion years

Front 40

what are prokaryotes

Back 40

Similar to present day cyanobacteria produced gaseous oxygen which first saturated the oceans and then the atmosphere

Front 41

when and where was evidence of the oxygen revolution found

Back 41

In the iron rich rocks dating back 2.7 billion years ago

Front 42

when were the earliest eukaryotes found

Back 42

2.4 billion years ago

Front 43

what is the endosymbiont theory

Back 43

Mitochondria and plastids were originally free-living prokaryotes that became symbionts with other cells

Front 44

when was the earliest multi-cellular eukaryotes found

Back 44

1.5 billion years ago

Front 45

when was the Cambrian explosion

Back 45

535-525 million years ago

Front 46

what are examples of the firs animals with hard body parts

Back 46

Sponges, onidarians, and mollusks

Front 47

what was another first animal we see

Back 47

Predators

Front 48

how long ago did large life forms start colonizing on land

Back 48

500 million years ago

Front 49

what did animals have to evolve to survive on land

Back 49

Mechanisms to prevent dehydration

Front 50

what are examples of these mechanisms

Back 50

Water proof coatings vascular systems, osmotic regulation

Front 51

what is the earth’s crust composed of

Back 51

Plates that float and move on the molten mantle

Front 52

what affects did continental drift have

Back 52

Ocean circulation climates and habitats

Front 53

what are the evidences of plate tectonics

Back 53

Puzzle piece shape of continents, fossils of tropical ferns in Antarctica, and marine fossils not near oceans

Front 54

how many extinctions have there been in the last 500 million years

Back 54

Five

Front 55

which ones causes the greatest amounts of extinctions

Back 55

The Permian and cretaceous

Front 56

what was the Permian extinction associated with

Back 56

Extensive volcanic activity

Front 57

when was the cretaceous extinction

Back 57

65.5 million years ago

Front 58

what is associated with the cretaceous extinction

Back 58

The end of dinosaurs which is linked to a meteor impact on the Yucatan peninsula