Bio Chapter 25

Front 1

What are viruses

Back 1

Non living organisms composed of nucleic acid and a protein coat

Front 2

What is the study of viruses

Back 2

Virology

Front 3

What did Wendell Stanley do

Back 3

Isolated tobacco mosaic

Front 4

How small are viruses

Back 4

20-250 nanometers

Front 5

What kinds of acids do viruses contain

Back 5

Nucleic, either RNA or DNA

Front 6

4 structures viruses lack

Back 6

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Organelles

Cell membrane

Front 7

What kind of cells do viruses reproduce in

Back 7

Living cells, they use the structures and compounds of the cell

Front 8

Virol structure

Back 8

Nucleic acid, either RNA or DNA, and it can be twisted, loop, or strand

Protein coat called capsid

Front 9

What do some viroli have, and what is it made of

Back 9

An outer membrane-like envelope made mostly of lipids taken from the host cell

Front 10

Examples of viroli with envelopes

Back 10

Influenza, chicken pox, herpes, H.I.V.

Front 11

What is the outer projection of glycoprotein used for

Back 11

Attachment

Front 12

What determines the Virol shape

Back 12

The nucleic acid or capsid

Front 13

What is a deasahedron

Back 13

A shape with 20 triangular faces

Front 14

3 examples of deasahedrons

Back 14

Herpes, chicken pox, and polio

Front 15

What is a helix

Back 15

A spiral, coiled spring

Front 16

3 viroli with helixes

Back 16

Rabies, measles, T.M.V.

Front 17

What is grouping based on

Back 17

Capsid structure

Envelope

Type of nucleic acid

Front 18

RNA viruses with reverse transcriptions used to make DNA

Back 18

Retroviruses

Front 19

What are viroids and prions

Back 19

Smaller than viruses

Front 20

Viroids

Back 20

The smallest know to replicate

Composed of a single strand of RNA

Known to damage crops like potatoes, cucumbers, avacadoes, and oranges

Front 21

Prions

Back 21

Abnormal proteins

Clump inside cells

Composed of about 250 amino acids

Disrupting molecular traffic, kills cells

Examples scrapies, B.S.E., C.J.D., and C.W.D.

Front 22

Obligate intracellular parasites

Back 22

Viruses

Front 23

Parasite

Back 23

Something that benefits itself from hurting another

Front 24

Viruses that infect bacteria

Back 24

Bacteriophages

Front 25

The lytic cycle

Back 25

Reproductive cycle

Produces new viruses and destroys host cell

Followed by virulent viruses

Consists of 5 phases

Front 26

Attachment

Back 26

Virus attaches to specific receptor site

Front 27

Nucleic acid of virus enters host

Back 27

Entry

Front 28

Replication

Back 28

Viral nucleic acid directs the synthesis of viral proteins

Front 29

Viral particles are put together

Back 29

Assembly

Front 30

Release

Back 30

Host cell disintegrates, called lysis, releasing new viruses

Front 31

Lysogenic cycle

Back 31

Virus infects host without immediate destruction

Front 32

What kind of virus lies dormant in a host for days, months, or years

Back 32

A temperate

Front 33

Temperate bacteriophages integrate DNA with host DNA in the form of what

Back 33

A prophage

Front 34

The prophage replicates with what

Back 34

Host DNA

Front 35

Prophage becomes virulent at a later time by entering the what

Back 35

Lytic cycle

Front 36

Viral RNA and reverse transcriptase are released into what

Back 36

Host cytoplasm

Front 37

Reverse transcriptase produces what

Back 37

DNA

Front 38

Viral DNA inserts into host DNA as what

Back 38

A provirus

Front 39

When does the Lysogenic cycle end

Back 39

When a provirus transcribes to RNA then translates to viral proteins

Front 40

Viruses thought to have evolved from what

Back 40

Early cells

Front 41

3 transmission methods

Back 41

Direct contact, water, insect bites

Front 42

5 organs affected by infectuous diseases

Back 42

Brain

Liver

Heart

Lungs

Skin

Front 43

How is rabies transmitted

Back 43

Through animal saliva

Front 44

What system does rabies effect

Back 44

The nervous system

Front 45

Is rabies deadly

Back 45

Yes

Front 46

Symptoms of rabies

Back 46

Fever

Headache

Paralysis

Coma

Front 47

Is chicken pox contagious

Back 47

Yes

Front 48

Describe chicken pox's process, starting with multiplication

Back 48

Multiplies in lungs

Moves to skin

Develop immunity

Shingles can persist as a provirus in adults

Front 49

How are viruses prevented

Back 49

With vaccinations containing viruses or particles

Front 50

Inactivated viruses

Back 50

Can not reproduce in host

Front 51

Attenuated viruses

Back 51

Altered to not cause disease

Front 52

What are booster shots used for

Back 52

To prolong protection

Front 53

What percent of infected did smallpox kill, and what percent did it scar or blind

Back 53

40% killed, 60% scarred or blinded

Front 54

How is smallpox transmitted

Back 54

By nasal droplets

Front 55

Symptoms of smallpox

Back 55

Fever

Headache

Backache

Rash

Front 56

How was smallpox eradicated

Back 56

Through vaccination and quarantine

Front 57

Years smallpox was active

Back 57

1967-1980

Front 58

3 examples of virus control in animals

Back 58

Mosquito control

Pet vaccinations

Wild vaccinations

Front 59

What kind of agents can be used

Back 59

Antiviral

Front 60

An antiviral agent used for herpes simplex and chicken pox

Back 60

Acyclovir

Front 61

Antiviral agent that inhibits reverse transcriptase

Back 61

A.Z.T.

Front 62

Protease inhibitors

Back 62

Interfere with capsid production

Front 63

What kind of therapy is used to treat AIDS

Back 63

Combination therapy, using A.Z.T. and proteases

Front 64

Where do unknown viruses exist

Back 64

In undeveloped areas

Front 65

Examples of emerging viruses

Back 65

Ebola, hantavirus

Front 66

Cancer genes may be triggered by what

Back 66

Lysogenic viruses