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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Behavioural Contracts |
-Written agreement between parties- NOT verbal, written is concrete - different components and different types of behavioural contracts BC: (contingency contract or performance contract)- written agreement between two parties in which one or both parties agree to engage in a specified level of a target behaviour or behaviours - Contract states the consequences that will be administered contingent on the occurrence (or non occurrence of the behaviour) |
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3 Reasons BC work 1. Antecedent Manipulations |
- it sets up the motivation, creates motivation to engage in the behaviour, because the contract actually exists - increases the likelihood of the behaviour - the contractee states in writing that they will engage in a specific target behaviour in hopes of influencing the future occurrence of the target behaviour - can act as public commitment |
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2. History for Reinforcement |
- People usually have a history of reinforcement for telling people what they are going to do and the actually doing it
- social pressure or history of punishment (disappointment/ disapproval) when they do not commit and actually do what they said they would do |
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3. Rule Governed Behaviour |
- verbally state a rule to ourselves
- then the rule creates "anxiety" when we think about not following the rule, engaging in the behaviour to escape the uneasy feeling - the contract establishes a rule that the contractee states later in the appropriate circumstances as a prompt or self instruction to engage in the target behaviour |
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5 Essential Components to a Behavioural Contract 1.Identify the Target Behaviour |
- Clearly identify and define the target behaviours involved in the contract.
- target behaviours must be in clear, objective terms - may includes undesirable behaviours to be decreased or desirable behaviours to increase |
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2. State how the target behaviour will be measured |
- the people responsible for implementing the behavioural contract must have objective evidence of the occurrence of the target behaviours
- clients must also be able to prove that the target behaviours did or did not occur so that the contingencies can be implemented correctly |
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2. Measurement cont'd |
can be measured using EG. permanent products, automated recording of the behaviour, direct observation, documentation of the behaviour by the contract manager or 3rd party - if they are measure objectively there can be no ambiguity about the occurrence of them- and therefore there will be no conflict in implementing the contract contingencies |
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3. Stating when the behaviour must be performed |
-each contract must have a time frame that states when the behaviour must occur ( or not occur) for the contingencies to be implemented - time frame may also be part of the definition of the target behaviour EG. Jake must be home at 11 every night |
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4. Identify the reinforcement and/or punishment contingency |
- the contract manager uses positive or negative reinforcement or positive or negative punishment to help the client perform (or refrain from) the target behaviour stated in the contract - the reinforcement/punishment contingency clearly stated in the contract - Client agrees to a specified level of the target behaviour and further agrees that a specific reinforcing or punishing consequence will be administered contingent on he target behaviour |
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5. Identify who will implement the contingency |
- a contract necessarily involves two parties - one party that agrees to engage in a specified level of the target behaviour and the other party that in implements the reinforcement/punishment contingency - the contract clearly states who will implement the contingency for the target behaviour Contract Manager: person implementing the contingency (psychologist normally) |
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One party Contract (unilateral contract) |
- contract management must not stand to gain from the contract contingencies - contract manager must implement the contingencies as written - oen person seeks to change a target behaviour and the other contract manager implements the contingencies - used when the person wants to either increase desirable behaviours or decrease undesirable behaviours |
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Contract manager |
-may be a psychologist, counsellor, behaviour analyst or friend - best that the CM is someone who is trained in behaviour modification and who has NO personal relationships with the person writing the contract |
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Two party Contract (bilateral contract) |
- both parties identify target behaviours for change and the contingencies that will be implemented for the target behaviours
- written between people who have a relationship- parents/kids, spouses, parents - Typically each party is displeased with some behaviour of the other party- and the contract identifies behaviour changes that will be pleasing to both parties |
