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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Behaviour Analysts see learning.. |
... effective consequences |
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What Behaviours were learned in the video clip? |
1. what was the learned behaviour? eventually was walking 2. What was the effective consequence? the praise- the laughing, the tone, the loudness. She was learning through naturally occurring reinforcers. 3. How was the behaviour taught?- through SHAPING |
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Shaping is.. |
- Differential reinforcement of successive approximations of a target behaviour until the person exhibits the target behaviour. - Can happen consciously, unconsciously or planned - used to develop a target behaviour that a person currently DOES NOT exhibit |
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4 parts to shaping 1. Differential Reinforcement |
- every time you do something better you get a different quality reinforcer eg. Louder cheer or more cheering happening - specific behaviour is followed by a reinforcer but other behaviours are not, increasing one behaviour and extinction of other behaviours ( purposeful and unintentional) -DR occurs when one particular behaviour is reinforced and all the other behaviours are not reinforced |
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2. Successive Approximations |
- when a behaviour can be broken down into smaller components that step by step require "more and more/ better and better" to obtain the reinforcement -"shaping steps" start small with the starting behaviour then reinforce behaviours that are closer to the desired behaviour |
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3. Target Behaviour |
- When shaping is used as a systematic written procedure, need to define the taste behaviours (approximations) and terminal target behaviours |
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4. Extinction (of the previously reinforced behaviour) |
- previously reinforced successive approximations are no longer reinforced and go under extinction - if you start reinforcing ALL things and all the behaviours you will never shape the correct behaviour - Have to extinguish the previous successive approximation and ONLY reinforce the next behaviour |
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2 basic principles involved in Shaping |
1. Reinforcement of the new successive approximations 2. Extinction- if you do not extinguish the previous successive approximations then you are not getting shaping |
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Shaping can be used in the following ways: 3 Applications of Shaping |
1. Generating novel behaviour- eg. language in a young child or lever pressing in the lab rat 2. Reinstating a previously exhibited behaviour 3. Changing some dimension of an existing behaviour |
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Does shaping need to be a conscious process for it to work? |
NOPE, it occurs all around us naturally eg. the baby learning to walk video |
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7 Steps to Shaping Behaviour |
1. Determine and define the target behaviour 2. Determine whether shaping is the most appropriate procedures0 if person already engages in the target behaviour at least occasionally, you don't need to use shaping 3. Identify the starting behaviour- must be a behaviour that they already engage in at least occasionally- must have relevance to the taste behaviour 4. choose the shaping steps 5. choose the reinforcer to use in the shaping procedure 6. differentially reinforce each successive approximation 7. move through the shaping steps at proper pace |
