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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the bacterial ribosome?
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70S particle with a 50S and 30S subunit
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List the important anti-ribosomal antibiotics?
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Chloramphenicol, clindamycin, linezolid, erythromycin, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides.
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Which anti-ribosomal antibxs cannot be absorbed orally?
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Aminoglycosides
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List two drugs that can kill Bacteroides fragilis?
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Chloramphenicol and clindamycin
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Chloramphenicol kills which bacteria?
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Most clinically important bacteria - gram (+), gram (-), and anaerobes. (Like pouring chlorine on the organisms)
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What's the problem with using chloramphenicol?
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Rare but severe side effects - aplastic anemia, Gray Baby Syndrome.
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Where is chloramphenicol use clinically indicated?
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1. Bacterial meningitis with unknown organisms and patient penicillin/cephalosporin allergies.
2. Young children and pregnant women with Rocky Mountain spotted fever who cannot be treated with tetracycline. |
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Why do surgeons use clindamycin and aminoglycoside combos for penetrating wound infections of the abdomen?
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Clindamycin covers the anaerobes, while aminoglycosides cover the aerobic gram (-)s.
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What is the important adverse effect that clindamycin can cause?
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Pseudomembranous colitis, due to wiping out the natural flora of the GI tract, which can cause an opportunistic C. dificile infection.
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Which drug is a last resort for VRE?
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Linezolid
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What are erythromycin's clinical uses?
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Gram positives, Mycoplasma, and the gram (-) Legionella and Chlamydia (atypicals). Drug of choice for community-acquired pneumonia that does not require hospitalization.
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What drug is used as an alternative to doxycycline for the treatment of chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis?
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Azithromycin
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What are the clinical uses of doxycycline/tetracycline?
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Think: Tet offensive.
1. Venereal diseases caused by chlamydia trachomatis. 2. Walking pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma 3. Animal and tick-borne diseases caused by Brucella and Rickettsia |
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What are the adverse effects of doxycycline?
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GI irritation, phototoxic dermatitis, renal/hepatic toxicity, depressed bone growth and brown teeth of babies and children.
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Why are aminoglycosides combined with penicillin?
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Penicillin breaks down the cell wall to allow aminoglycosides to diffuse into the cell.
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What are the clinical uses of aminoglycosides?
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Aerobic gram (-) enteric organisms, including Pseudomonas.
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What is the most commonly used of all the aminoglycosides?
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Gentamycin
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What are the side effects of aminoglycosides?
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Think: "a mean guy."
1. Eighth cranial nerve toxicity 2. Renal toxicity 3. Neuromuscular blockade |
