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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Bayle |
-mid-late 1600s -France -Louis XIV -French Huguenot refugee -international campaign on religious tolerance -"News from the Republic of Letters" -Criticized Louis XIV - Later focused on toleration over Europe -Historical and critical dictionary - pointed out errors in past writings of religion -skepticism -founding father of enlightenment -rejects old lectures -requestion everything -"Dictionary" -- religious tolerance important -influential reading -main man of skepticism -highly critical of organized church |
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Kepler |
-early-17th century -Brahe -Holy Roman Empire -assistant to Brahe -used his data to prove earth's orbit was elliptical -3 laws of planetary motion -based on mechanical relationships and accurately predicted movements of plants in the sun- centered universe - demolished the old systems of astrology -aristotle and ptolemy important -small and unimportant human life compared to enormity of universe -theory of planetary motion shaped science |
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Catherine the Great |
-Russia -early- late 1700s - Peter III -strengthen ties of Prussia and Russia against Russia - where she was originally from -overthrew her weak husband with her lover Orlaf -worsens surfdom as she strengthened the gov't -creates constitution but takes away state service act -increases trade and modernized Russia with enlightenment -gained land and warm water port -considered an intellectual -wrote "instruction" -divides Russia in 50 provinces (centralizes) -created Charter of Nobility important: -teratorrial expanision -symbol of enlightened absolute monarch -ensurfed the surfs trying to release the surfs |
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Voltaire |
-late 1600s-mid 1700s -Rousseau is his rival -France -writer, historian, philosopher -wrote: ~Letters on the English : praised the virtues of England and criticizes abuses of French society ~ Elements o the Philosophy of Newton ~Candide: satire. attacks war, religious prosecution, and unwarranted optimism of the human condition important: -affects Fredrick the Great and Catherine the Great -calls for reform top down-- best source |
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Montesquieu |
-late 1600s - mid 1700s -France -satirist -social commenter -major philosopher -loved England's evolving government ~inspired other works -recognized 3 government types ~loathed dictators and monarchies-- too easy for the abuse of power ~ best possible form of government was republic democracies -- depended on balance of powers - Persian Letters -- satire on society - Spirit of Laws -- separation of powers ~founded this idea important: - separation of powers -affect revolutionary thinkers during French and American Revolutions |
