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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Protestant Reformation |
a powerful religious movement that began in Saxony, Germany against the medieval church-laxity toward heiritcal movements, faith and good work firm discipline
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where did reformation break out? |
Switzerland and Germany |
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who liked the reformation |
the guilds, people being bullied by gvnt |
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why did people have more criticism on church? |
people of the renaissance were smarter, books, printing press, explorers |
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The modern Devotion |
Brothers of common life, boarding school, educated themselves northern europe clerics and laity share common religious life |
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Imitation of Christ |
Thomas Kempis, basis of all reformers, ascetic life |
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Benefice System |
positions that were sold to highest bidder who failed to enforce traditional rules for these positions failed in rome bc secularism and regional identity threatened lay life government found ways to take church land because they were tired of the church interfering |
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Martin Luther and Lutheranism |
brother of common life, law degree, fail to fam fulfill true obligations as Christians rejected 'Righteousness of God'-never be prefect salvation by faith alone sole belief in scriptures unimportance of good work social and political heirarchy
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Indulgences |
"credits" sold by church to get one and his loved ones out of time in purgatory Jubilee of Indulgences-gets out of lifetime of sins-raise money for St. Peter's Basilica |
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95 theses (but the pope Leo aint one) |
in reaction to Jubilee of Indulgences, Luther mad, nailed it to door |
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Election of Charles V |
distraction for Luther-able to form revolt
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Frederick the Wise |
wanted to defend Luther bc from university of Wittenberg |
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Luther's excommunication |
Luther challenged the infallibility of the pope and the inerrancy of church councils gave him 60 days to retreat |
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Diet of the Worms |
Luther's address to the chirstian nobility of the german nation, presented views and was placed under imperial ban hid in Wartberg council and copied bible |
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Habsburg-Valois Wars |
Holy roman empire vs. France, over territories in Italy, won 4-0 Edict of Worms-Distracted he agreed the princes to have territorial sovereignty*** |
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How did the reformation Spread |
Pamphleteers-mandated religious reforms rulers seeking religious reform Saxony and Hesse-big protestant rulers support Luther Schmalkaldic League-defensive league for german potestants |
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Peasants Revolt |
Peasants revolting against their lords to override traditional customs revolted in Luther's name even though Luther did not care for the peasants Luther believed freedom of Christianity lay inner spiritual release of guilt not in revolutionary politics Proved Martin Luther was very liberal |
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Preconditions of the Swiss reformation |
Switzerland had loose alliance of 13 cantons(states)-some catholic some prot 2 preconditions: growth of national sentiments, wanted church reform
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Zwingli |
credited Erasmus over Luther known seducer of swiss 1523 gvnt approved of Zwingli's scripture transubstantiation
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The Marburg Colloquy |
Phillip of Hesse tried to unite Germany and Swiss(Luther and Zwingli) but theological differences Luther=God is in bread, Zwingli=just symbolism formed new defensive leagues separtely
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Swiss civil war |
cantons divided between Protestant and catholic major battles-both at Kapple Zwingli chopped up into 4 pieces |
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Anabaptists and radical protestants |
believed people shouldn't be baptized till adulthood do not believe in oaths to secular office pacifists and separation of church and state Conrad grebel-swiss, worked for Zwingli, founder of Swiss Brethren viewed as a threat ruled in Munster Germany, forced to convert or had to leave, |
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John Calvin and the Genevan reform |
Calvinism replaced Lutheranism inspired political resistance in France, Netherlands and Scotland ***divine predestination, be who you are because that's God's plan for you
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Calvin's Geneva |
elected people who favored Calvin and declared full independence from Bern calvin returned and reformed city 5 pastors, teachers and doctors, 12 elders and deacons |
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calvinists issues |
didn't write about predestination until Institute of Christian Religion true believers liked predestination-though of themselves as God's elect women's paradise-equality
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The Diet of Ausberg |
Emperor Charles V pursued political and military campaigns in Spain diet called to discuss religious division of reformation wanted Lutherans to change to Catholicism
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education reform |
gave primary education girls too Humanist revision of curriculum Instruction of laity
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reaction against Protestants (Charles V) |
tried to convert ports to christianity failed so crushed defensive league instead captured Frederick of Saxony and Hesse
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Peace of Ausberg |
Maurice of Saxony turned against Charles and favored Lutherans allowed Protestants under Peace of Passau religion under ruler-cuoisio religio eious religio |
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The reformation of Parliament |
harassed clergy Henry=head of english church
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act of succession |
declared Anne Boleyn's children legitimate heirs |
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Act of Supremecy |
declared Henry Head of church of ENgland thomas more and John Fisher refused to recognize this and were beheaded |
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Act of Uniformity (and second act) |
book of common prayer, and revised edition |
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Catholic reform beggining |
Pope didn't want one because of what happened to Basel Theatines-higher level of church reformers Capuchins-reform ideas of Francis Ursalines-religious ed to girls
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Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits |
soldier, began spiritual journey after wounded in battle absolute loyalty to pope, blind obedience spiritual exercises for mind |
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The council of Trent |
reassertion of church doctrine-after prot success strictly under Pope's control reforms: no more selling of church offices(benefices gone) strengthened authority of local bishops preists dressed nicer reaffirmed scholastic education |
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Don Quixote and Cervantes |
Satire of chivalric romances (pop. in Spain) Writes about a man who reads 2 much chivalric romances and thinks he needs to prove himself so he fights a windmill (thinks its a drag) He fails and comes back to die a broken hearted old man Creates the word Quixotic - being foolish |
