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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Siglo de oro

The "Golden Age" of Spain

East India Companies

Merchants and government come together to form transocean trading companies.



Very profitable.



Peace of Augsburg

Gave the ruler of each German state the right to choose the state's religion.

Bourgeoise

The middle class; between aristocracy and laboring poor.

St. Bartholomew's Day (Massacre)

1572 Catholic leaders in France killed 3,000 Huguenots (French Protestants) in Paris

Sea Dogs

English Sailors who plundered Spanish ships.

Encomeinda

System forced by the Spanish Empire in America



Indian had to work for an owner for a set amount of days in exchange for land.

Defenestration

1618 emmissaries of the king and Holy Roman Emperor are thrown out the window by Protestant Bohemians and Czech

Mercantilism

Commercial revolution where the poor were sent to work to make finished goods to export.



Curtail imports as much as possible

Politiques

When a ruler suppresses the current religion's details to fit the ruler's needs and wants.



Elisabeth I and Henry IV

Edict of Nantes

1598 Decree was made by Henry IV to restore peace in France, ruined by the Religious War, defined the rights of the French Protestants.

Union of Utrecht

Formed by the Netherlands, 7 northern provinces were formed by declaring independence from Spain in 1581

Calvinism

Henry of Navarre changed his faith from Calvinism to Catholicism in order to be king of France instead of Navarre.

Capital

The non-financial aspects of whats needed to do a job.



i.e. tools

Usury

The charging of interest on loans



Frowned upon in the middle ages but became an accepted practice later on

Peace of Westphalia

1648 Sovereignty of German Princes recognized



Ended religious issues in Europe



Ended the 30 years war

Vasco da Gama

Explorer who landed on the SW coast of India in 1498



Found busy commerce



Started a war to gain control of trade

Magellan

Led to an expedition in 1520 that circumnavigated the world for the first time

Mary, Queen of Scots

Driven out by France and Scotland, next in line for the throne.



Plotted to kill the King



Queen Elisabeth kept her locked up for 20 years and then executed her for plotting to kill the king.

Duke of Alva

Spanish Governor General of the Netherlands


Appointed by Phillip II



Suppressed dissidents by appointing a Council of Trouble

Creoles

American born (Indian mix) people that were looked down upon

Cervantes

Writer: Don Quixote



Showed the Spaniards were aware of the tensions between high ideals and difficult realities of life.

Phillip II of Spain

His father Charles V stepped down and he became ruler



Combined organizing methods of a new monarchy with interests in political/religious issues.

Huguenot

French Protestants

Gustavus Adolphus

Excellent Swedish King



Created the best and most modern army with weapons



Killed in Germany

Wallenstein

Raised personal army in the name of the Emperor



His mercenaries lived by robbing everyone



Defeated the King of Denmark

Cardinal Richelieu

King Louis XIII was a weak ruler and Richelieu filled the void.



Acted under the cover of the king



Expanded royal power, pushed dissent and built France into great European power.

Duke of Parma

Governor general of the Netherlands



Able to gain support of the Southern Provinces


Continued to fight with the North

Henry IV of France

Henry of Navarre started the Bourbon Dynasty



Converted to Catholicism to save his dynasty



"Paris is well worth a Mass"


Johann Fugger

Was a small town weaver



Gradually built fortune by loaning money to Kings and Popes

Mestizos

Of mixed white and Indian descents



Adopted some of the Spanish Language and Faith

Matthias

Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor and King



Sent troops to Bohemia



Was deposed by the Bohemians

Azores

Flemish settlement


Battle of Delgado



Henry the navigator settled there

Goa

Location of Portugese fortifies station on the Malabar coast of India

Lepanto

Spanish+Venetians= Defeated the Turks in a great Naval battle here



Spanish Armada

Utrecht

Holland, Union of Utrecht, where a treaty was formed to separate the Netherlands

Barabant

Split- North went to the United Provinces after the treaty of Westphalia

Scheldt River

Boarder between the East and West Empire

Palatinate

Spain was eager to crush the Dutch Republic and reopen the mouth of the Scheldt River



Create a strong territorial block in central Europe

Spanish Netherlands

Revolted against the Phillip II with a petition against the Spanish Inquisition ended up forming a union to drive out the Spanish, Habsburg province

Escorial

The new royal residence built by Phillip II 30 miles away from Madrid on a plateau

White Mountian

Battle in the early 30 Years war

Saxony

Split into two, makes a separate peace with the Holy Roman Emperor in the 30 years war.



West Indies

Found by Columbus and thought to be outlying islands of India