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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene expression
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the process of translating the information in DNA to functioning molecules in the cell
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metabolic pathway
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An ordered sequence of chemical reactions that build up or break down a particular molecule.
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mRNA
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carries the information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis
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RNA polymerase
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synthesizes RNA according to the information provided by the sequence of bases in a particular stretch of DNA
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Central Dogma
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summarizes the flow of information in cells
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transcription
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DNA is transcribed to mRNA by RNA polymerase. it is the process by which the hereditary information in DNA is copied to RNA
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Translation
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RNA is transcribed, then translated to protein. it is the process by which the language of nucleic acid, the order of the nucleotide bases, is converted to the language of proteins, the order of amino acids
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reverse transcriptase
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an enzyme of retrovirus (RNA viruses) that can synthesize double stranded DNA from a single stranded RNA template.
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genetic code
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contains the rules that specify the relationship between a sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA or RNA and the corresponding sequence of amino acids in a protein
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triplet code
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a code in which a "word" of three letters encodes one piece of information. The genetic code is a triplet code because the codon is three nucleotides long and encodes one amino acid
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codon
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a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a certain amino acid or that initiates or terminates protein synthesis
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reading frame
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sequence of codons
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Start codon
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One that initiates the start of the protein encoding sequence in mRNA (AUG)
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Stop Codons
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There are three in the genetic code that signal the end of the protein coding sequence. (UGA,UAA, and UAG)
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point mutations
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result from a single base change they occur when the DNA polymerase inserts the wrong base into the newly synthesized strand of DNA.
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chromosome level mutation
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result from the addition or deletion of chromosomes from the individuals karyotype
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