Chapter 4-Nucleic Acids And The Rna World

Front 1

nucleic acid

Back 1

polymer of nucleotide monomers

Front 2

groups of nitrogenous bases

Back 2

1. purines-adenine and guanine
2. pyrimadines-cytosine, thymine(only in deoxyribonucleotides) and uracil (only in ribonucleotides)

Front 3

phosphodiester bond

Back 3

chemical linkage between adjacent nucleotide residues in DNA and RNA. forms when the phosphate group of one nucleotide condenses with the hydroxyl group on the sugar of another nucleotide.

Front 4

polymerization

Back 4

the process by which many identical or similar small molecules are covalently bonded to form a large molecule. Energy comes from the phosphorylation of the nucleotides.

Front 5

Phosphorylation

Back 5

the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate molecule.

Front 6

watson and crick

Back 6

they determined that DNA runs in an antiparallel configuration, DNA forms a double helix, purines always pair with pyrimidines, DNA has a major groove and a minor groove.

Front 7

DNA replication involves 2 steps

Back 7

1. Separation of the double helix
2. Hydrogen bonding of deoxyribonucleotides with complementary bases on the original template strand, followed by the phospodiester bond formation to form the complementary strand.

Front 8

How does the primary structure of RNA differ from DNA?

Back 8

-contains uracil instead of thymine
-contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose.

Front 9

RNA's secondary structure

Back 9

-forms because of complementary base pairing
-bases typically form hydrogen bonds with complemetary bases on the same strand.
-RNA strands fold over, creating the hairpin structure.
-RNA molecules may have tertiary and quaternary structures.

Front 10

Ribozymes

Back 10

enzyme like RNA molecules that speed up a reaction