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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the major function of the cardiovascular system |
Circulation |
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Where is the heart located? |
In the chest Lower portion of the mediastinum Between the sternum and thoracic vertebrae Between the lungs |
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What is the size of the heart? |
Two Third on the left One third on the right |
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What is the shape of the heart? |
Fist Triangle |
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Blunt point of the heart? |
Apex |
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Where do you find the apex of the heart? |
On the diaphragm |
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How does physicians listen to the heart? |
Through the stethoscope |
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Where do you hear the sound of the apical heart beat? |
Between the fifth and sixth rib of the midpoint of the left clavicle |
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What is CPR? |
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
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Is the organ hollow or solid? |
Hollow |
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How many cavities are in the heart? |
Four |
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The two upper chambers of the heart is called? |
Atria (singular) Atrium ( plural) |
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What are the two lower chambers of the heart? |
Ventricle |
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What is earlike outer pouch of the atria called? |
Auricle |
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Which chamber is the receiving and distributing |
The atrium is the receiving and the ventricles are the distributing |
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What is the muscle tissue of the heart chamber called |
Myocardium |
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What is the lining between each atrial chamber called |
Interatrial Septum |
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What is the lining between each ventricular chamber called? |
Interventricular Septum |
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What is the thin layer of the heart chambers? |
Endocardium |
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Inflammation of the endocardium is called? |
Endocarditis |
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Another name for blood cloth |
Thrombus |
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The outer layer of the heart? |
Pericardium |
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How many layers does the pericardium have? |
Two |
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Name the two layers of the pericardium? |
Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium |
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Another name for the visceral pericardium? |
Epicardium |
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What is the meaning of “endo?” |
Inside |
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What is the meaning of “epi?” |
Upon or on |
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What is the fluid between the two pericardium layers called? |
Pericardial fluid |
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What is inflammation of the pericardium? |
Pericarditis |
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What causes pericarditis? |
Trauma Tumor Virus or bacterial infection |
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What happens when pericardial fluid, blood or pus is formed between the two pericardial tissues? |
Pericardiul effusion |
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Heart contractions are called? |
Systole |
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Heart relaxation are called? |
Diastole |
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What controls the back flow of blood in the heart? |
Valves |
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What valve controls the atrium and ventricles? |
Atrioventricular valves |
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Name the atrioventricular valves |
Tricuspid Bicuspid |
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Where do you find the tricuspid valve? |
Right side of the atria and ventricle |
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Where do you find the bicuspid valve? |
Left side of the atrium and ventricle |
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What is the major function of the valves? |
To stop back flow of blood in the heart |
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Another name for bicuspid valve? |
Mitral valve |
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What is the valve called When the edges of the tricuspid or bicuspid is connected to the heart muscle in the ventricles |
Chordae tendinea |
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Valves in the atrium and ventricles are called? |
AV valves or atrioventricular valves |
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Valves in the pulmonary and aorta are called? |
SL or semilunar valves |
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What valve takes blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? |
Pulmonary valve |
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What valve takes blood from the left ventricle into the system? |
Aortic semilunar valve |
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When a valve causes a back flow it is said to be be? |
An incompetent valve |
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What is a narrow valve that slow blood flow from the heart called? |
Stenosed valve |
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A cardiac damage resulting from a prolonged streptococcal infection? |
Rheumatic fever |
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What is another name for the bicuspid valve |
Mitral |
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What is a prolapsed mitral valve? |
When the valve extends into the atrium causing a leak |
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What is the sound of the heart? |
Lub dup |
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When do you hear the lub of the heart? |
When the AV valve closes |
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When do you hear the dub of the heart? |
When the SL valves closes |
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When you listen to the lub dub of the heart, how do you know when you have an incompetent valve or a stenosed valve |
Incompetent- lub dub swish Stenosed - swish lub dub |
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Where does deoxygenated blood enters the heart? |
Inferior and superior vena cava |
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Describe how the blood enters the heart? |
Enters - superior and inferior vena cava - to the right atrium- then through the tricuspid to the right ventricle- then through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary artery to the lungs |
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Describe how the blood leaves the heart? |
Oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium- thorough the bicuspid or mitral valve to the left ventricle- then to the aortic semilunar valve to the aorta into the system |
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The heart pumps blood into two circulations… what are they called? |
Pulmonary circulation - lungs Systemic circulation |
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What is the name of the heart muscle? |
Myocardium |
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What is coronary circulation? |
Oxygen rich blood coming to the muscle and the return of oxygen poor blood from the muscle to the vein |
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Where does blood flow into the heart muscle from? |
Right and left coronary arteries |
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Where do you find the right and left coronary arteries? |
Aorta |
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What is the meaning of occlude? |
Plug |
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What happens if blood cannot pass through the right or left coronary arteries? |
The muscle will not get any oxygen to work which will result in a heart attack |
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What is the medical term for a heart attack? |
Myocardial infraction |
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What is the hardening of the arteries? |
Atherosclerosis |
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What causes atherosclerosis in the heart? |
Lipids or fat |
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What is the leading cause of death from heart disease? |
Atherosclerosis |
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What are some of the factors that causes coronary atherosclerosis? |
Diabetes Cigarette Smoking Physical inactivity High fat and high cholesterol diet |
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The term used to describe when the myocardium doesn’t have enough oxygen? |
Angina pectoris |
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How do you fix a blocked coronary artery? |
Coronary bypass surgery |
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How can you harvest veins for a coronary bypass surgery? |
From other areas of your body |
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What is a less invasive procedure than coronary bypass? |
Coronary angioplasty |
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How does of coronary angioplasty performed? |
By placing a tube (angioplasty) in the vein to unblock it |
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When blood passes through the myocardium capillary beds where does it go? |
Cardiac veins |
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What is the secret passageway for blood from the myocardium to enter the circulatory system? |
From the coronary veins to the coronary sinus into the atrium instead of going through the inferior or superior vena cava |
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Give the steps of how the blood enters or leaves the myocardium? |
Enters through the right and left arteries in the aorta - then through the capillaries of the myocardium- then it enters the coronary veins - then through the coronary sinus (secret passageway) to the right atrium |
