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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is each complete heartbeat called? |
Cardiac cycle |
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How much time does the average heart cycle takes to happen? |
0.8 seconds |
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What is the average resting rate of the heart when it’s beating at 0.8 seconds per cycle? |
72 minutes per minute |
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True or false The cardiac cycle includes the systole and diastole of each atrium and ventricle? |
True |
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Name the main structures of the heart’s conduction system |
Sinoatrial node - SA node Atrioventricular node - AV node AV bundle or bundle of His Subendocardial branches aka purkinje fibers |
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What is the pacemaker of the heart? |
SA node |
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True or false The heart fibers are not linked together |
False - they are linked together to make the conduction systems work |
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The graphic record of the heart’s activity is called? |
Electrocardiogram |
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Name the instrument that can pick up electric signals from the body surface |
Electrocardiograph |
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What is the name for the electrocardiograph chart? |
ECG or EKG |
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How many deflections or waves does a ECG tracing have and name them? |
Three waves P wave QRS complex T wave |
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What is depolarization? |
Describes when electrical activity that triggers contraction of the heart muscle |
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What is repolarization? |
Just before the relaxation phase of the cardiac muscle |
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When do you have a P wave on the ECG? |
Depolarization of the atria |
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When do you get a QRS complex on the ECG? |
Depolarization of the ventricles |
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When do you get a QRS complex on the ECG? |
Depolarization of the ventricles |
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How is the T wave generated |
Repolarization of the ventricles |
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When do you get a QRS complex on the ECG? |
Depolarization of the ventricles |
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How is the T wave generated |
Repolarization of the ventricles |
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Why is the atrial repolarization not shown on the ECG? |
The deflection is very small and is hidden by the large QRS complex which occurs at the same time |
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When does the ECG deflection occurs? |
Before the myocardial contractions, not during the contractions |
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What is the abnormality of the heart rhythm called? |
Dysrhythmia |
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When does a complete heart block occurs? |
P wave does not match up with the QRS complex For example: two or more P waves are shown then a QRS complex |
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Name a kind of dysrhythmia |
Heart block |
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How can a physician treat a heart block? |
Artificial pacemaker |
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Describe how the pacemaker is connected to the heart? |
At the right side of the atrium- the wires are connected to the myocardium with timed electrical impulse that cause ventricular contractions |
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Another name for a slow heart rhythm? |
Bradycardia |
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What is a slow heart rhythm? |
Less than 60 beats per minute |
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When are you allowed to have slight bradycardia? |
When you’re asleep In conditioned athletes when they are awake and at rest |
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What is the term for a rapid heart rhythm? |
Tachycardia |
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When is a person considered to be tachycardic? |
Having more than 100 beats per minute |
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When is tachycardia normal? |
During and after exercise During a stress response |
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What is sinus dysrhythmia? |
Variation in the heart rate during the breathing cycle |
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During the breathing cycle when does the heart rate increase or decrease? |
Increase during inspiration Decrease during expiration |
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Another name for premature contractions? |
Extrasystoles |
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When does premature contractions happen? |
Before the expected contractions |
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When does premature ventricular contraction happens? |
When the electrical signal begins in the ventricle rather than in the SA node |
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What are the factors that can cause premature contractions? |
Lack of sleep Anxiety Cold medication Too much caffeine Too much nicotine Alcoholism Heart damage |
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What can frequent premature contractions lead to? |
Fibrillation |
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What is fibrillation? |
A condition in which the cardiac muscle fibers contract out of step with each other |
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Name the types of fibrillation |
Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) Ventricular fibrillation (VF or V-fib) |
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What illness normally occurs when there is atrial fibrillation? |
Rheumatic heart disease Mitral stenosis Infarction of the atrial myocardium |
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Which is more dangerous A-fib or V-fib? |
Ventricular fibrillation |
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How is fibrillation treated? |
Defibrillation Epinephrine my be injected into the blood stream to increase blood pressure and flow to aid defibrillation |
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What does AED mean? |
Automatic external defibrillator |
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What does ICD mean |
Implantable cardioverter defibrillation |
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What is atrial ablation? |
The intentional destruction of heart muscle in a special location to treat atrial fibrillation by eliminating the pathway of the abnormal electric signal |
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What is an atrial flutter? |
A rapid and irregular atrial rhythm often triggered by abnormal electrical signal from the nearby pulmonary vein |
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Another name for dysrhythmia? |
Arrhythmia |
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What is cardiac output? |
Volume of blood from the ventricle |
Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute |
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What is the average cardiac output per minute? |
5 liters |
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How do you determine cardiac output? |
Heart rate x stroke volume HR X SV |
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What is the heart rate? |
Number of heart beats per minute (cardiac cycle) |
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What is the stroke volume? |
Volume of blood ejected from the ventricle during each beat |
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How can the sympathetic nervous system increase your heart rate? |
By releasing norepinephrine which causes the SA node to increase its usual pace |
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How does the parasympathetic nervous system slows down the heart? |
Releasing acetylcholine that decreases the pace of the SA node |
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What is the venous return? |
Volume of blood returned to the heart by the veins |
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What is the disease of the myocardial tissue? |
Cardiomyopathy |
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What is the broken heart syndrome otherwise known as? |
Stress cardiomyopathy |
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