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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nasal cavity |
nose, nares, cavity separated by septum |
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pharynx |
throat, cavity behind the nasal cavities and mouth |
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larynx |
voice organ, containing the vocal cords |
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trachea |
windpipe |
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lung |
two cone-shaped spongy organs consisting of alveoli, blood vessels, nerves, and elastic tissue; each is enveloped in a double-folded membrane called the pleura |
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parietal pleura |
the serous membrane that lines the thoracic (chest) cavity |
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visceral pleura |
membrane that covers the lungs; this membrane and the outer serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity have a thin film of lubricating fluid between them to prevent friction when sliding against each other |
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bronchus (pl., bronchi) |
one of the larger passages conveying air to (right or left principal lobe) and within the lungs |
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bronchioles |
one of the subdivisions of the branched bronchial tree |
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alveolus (pl., alveoli) |
a small sac-like dilation (outpocketing) of the alveolar ducts |
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diaphragm |
muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in the process of breathing |
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abcess |
a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissues |
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anthracosis |
accumulation of carbon deposits in the lung due to breathing smoke or coal dust, also known as black lung disease |
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ARDS |
adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome |
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asbestosis (as-beh-stoh-sis) |
lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles; associated with development of mesothelioma, a type of lung cancer |
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asphyxiation |
suffocation |
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asthma |
spasm and narrowing of the bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction |
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atelectasis (at'-e-lek-tah-sis) |
incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth or collapse of the adult lung |
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bradypnea |
abnormally slow breathing |
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bronchiectasis |
chronic dilation of one or more bronchi |
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bronchitis |
inflammation of one or more bronchi |
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byssinosis (bis-ih-noh-sis) |
lung disease resulting from inhaling cotton, flax, or hemp, also know as brown lung disease |
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carcinoma |
a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate surrounding tissues and to give rise to metastases |
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coccidioidomycosis |
a respiratory infection caused by spore inhalation of Coccidioides immitis, varying in severity from that of a common cold to symptoms resembling those of influenza; also called valley fever |
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, especially emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma |
COPD
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cor pulmonale |
heart failure from pulmonary disease |
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coryza |
profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose; the common cold |
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cough |
a forceful expiration preceded by preliminary inhalation and usually caused by irritation of the airways from dust, smoke, infection, or mucus; can be described as croupy, rasping, harsh, hollow, loose, dry, productive, brassy, bubbly, or wracking |
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croup |
a childhood disease with symptoms including a barking cough, difficulty (suffocative) breathing, stridor, and spasm of the larynx |
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cystic fibrosis |
generalized hereditary disorder of infants, children, and young adults associated with malfunctioning of the pancreas and frequent respiratory infections |
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deviated septum |
defect in the wall between the nostrils that can cause partial or complete obstruction |
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diphtheria |
an acute bacterial infection primarily affecting the membranes of the nose, throat, or larynx accompanied by fever and pain |
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effusion |
escape of a fluid; exudation or transudation |
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emphysema |
a pathologic accumulation of air in tissues or organs |
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epistaxis (ep-ih-staks-is) |
hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed |
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expectoration
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the act of spitting out saliva or coughing up material from the lungs |
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fibrosis |
formation of fibrous or scar tissue (in lungs) usually caused by previous infections |
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flail chest |
chest wall moves paradoxically with respiration as a result of multiple fractures of the ribs |
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hay fever |
a hypersensitive state, e.g., allergy to pollen |
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hemothorax |
blood in the pleural thoracic cavity |
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hiatal hernia |
protrusion of part of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus defect of the diaphragm |
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hiccup |
sharp respiratory sound with spasm of the glottis and diaphragm |
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histoplasmosis |
fungal infection of the lungs, may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, resembling tuberculosis |
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hyaline |
glossy, translucent |
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hyaline membrane disease |
lack of surfactant caused by a layer of hyaline material lining the alveoli, alveolar ducts, and bronchioles; leading cause of neonatal deaths |
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influenza or "flu" |
an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract; serious for the very young and old |
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laryngitis |
inflammation of the larynx |
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laryngotracheobronchitis |
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
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lung abscess |
pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by white blood cells that have gone to a localized area to fight infection |
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orthopnea (or-thop-nee-ah) |
a clinical condition where the person can only breathe normally and without discomfort in an erect sitting or standing position
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pertussis |
acute upper respiratory infectious disease caused by bacterium Bordetella pertussis; commonly called whooping cough |
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pharyngitis |
inflammation of the pharynx |
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pleural effusion |
accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which compresses the underlying portion of the lung, resulting in dyspnea |
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pleurisy |
inflammation of the pleura |
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pneumoconiosis |
any lung disease, e.g., anthracosis, silicosis, caused by permanent deposition of substantial amounts of particulate matter in the lungs |
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pneumothorax |
a collection of gas or air in the pleural cavity, resulting from a perforation through the chest wall or the visceral pleura |
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rhinitis rhinorrhea |
inflammation of the nasal membrane; "runny nose" |
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sudden infant death syndrome, or crib death; cause unknown; associated failure of synapse of nerves to activate the diaphragm |
SIDS |
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silicosis |
a lung disorder caused by inhalation of silica (quartz) dust, resulting in the formation of small nodules |
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sinusitis |
inflammation of a sinus |
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sneeze |
spasmodic contraction of the muscles causing air to be expelled forcefully through the nose and mouth |
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streptococcal throat |
sore throat caused by the spore bacteria Streptococcus |
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tonsillitis |
inflammation of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils
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tuberculosis (TB) |
an infections disease marked by tubercles and caseous necrosis in the tissues of the lung
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upper respiratory infection |
URI |
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wheezing |
a high-pitched, whistling sound from air movement through narrowed bronchioles during exhalation; symptom of asthma and COPD |
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whooping cough |
a respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, marked by peculiar paroxysms of cough, ending in a prolonged crowing or whooping respiration |
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aerosol |
a medication that can be sprayed from a container to relieve bronchial distress, especially asthma |
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anoxia |
without oxygen |
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apnea |
temporary cessation of breathing; asphyxia |
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bifurcation |
a division into two branches, e.g., bronchi |
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blood gases |
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases in the blood |
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bronchodilator |
an agent capable of dilating the bronchi |
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bronchoscope |
an instrument for inspecting the bronchi |
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bronchoscopy |
lung examination using a bronchoscope |
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Cheyne-Stokes |
breathing characterized by waxing and waning of the depth of respiration: the patient breathes deeply a short time and then breathes slightly or stops altogether; the cycle repeats |
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consolidation |
solidification of lung tissue, as in pneumonia |
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation; artificial means of providing circulation and breathing during cardiac and respiratory arrest |
CPR |
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cyanosis |
a bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygen in the blood |
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dysphonia |
voice impairment; difficulty in speaking |
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dyspnea (disp-ne-ah) |
labored or difficult breathing |
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endotracheal (ET) tube |
an airway catheter inserted int he trachea during surgery and for a temporary airway in emergency situations |
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expectorant |
an agent that promotes expectoration (loosening of secretions)
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hemoptysis (he-mop-ti-sis) |
the spitting of blood or of blood-stained sputum (from the lungs) |
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hiatus |
a gap (opening), especially in the diaphragm |
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hilus |
part of lung where vessels, nerves, and bronchi enter |
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hypercapnia |
an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood |
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hyperventilation |
increased rate and/or depth of respiration, e.g., from anxiety |
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hyposensitization |
the process of rendering hyposensitive, e.g., exposing a patient to an offending substance to reduce his or her sensitivity |
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hypoxia |
insufficient oxygen |
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intermittent positive pressure breathing, used as treatment with ventilation |
IPPB
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Kussmaul breathing |
gasping, labored breathing; also called air hunger |
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laryngectomy |
excision of the larynx |
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laryngoscopy |
visual examination of the interior larynx with an instrument called a laryngoscope |
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lavage of sinuses |
the irrigation or washing out of sinuses |
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lobectomy |
excision of a lobe of the lung |
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Mantoux (test) |
tuberculosis skin test |
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orthopnea |
difficult breathing, except in the upright position |
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oximetry |
measurement of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood |
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palpation |
application of hands and fingers to external surfaces to detect abnormalities |
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parenchyma (lung) |
the essential elements or "working parts" of an organ, e.g., alveoli in lung |
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peak expiratory flow rate |
measurement of how fast a person can exhale using a small handheld device to monitor treatment in asthma or COPD |
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percussion and auscultation (P&A) |
striking the body (e.g. chest) with short, sharp blows of the fingers, and listening through a stethoscope for the sounds produced; technique used by practitioners |
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perfusion |
the passage of a fluid through the vessels of a specific organ to supply nutrients and oxygen |
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pneumothorax |
air or gas in the pleural space; from trauma or from deliberate introduction; may be spontaneous |
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postural drainage |
drainage by placing the patient's head downward so that the trachea will be inclined below the affected area and the secretions mobilized |
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purified protein derivative (TB test) |
PPD
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productive cough |
cough with spitting of material from the bronchi |
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pulmonary function |
test to assess ventilatory status |
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pulmonary parenchyma |
a structural arrangement of the lungs allowing the alveoli with very thin walls to exchange gases between the lungs and blood |
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rales, rhonchi |
an abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, indicating some pathologic condition |
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rarefaction |
condition of being less dense, e.g., decreased density in x-ray films |
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residual air |
air remaining or left behind after expiration |
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respirator (ventilator) |
a device for giving artificial respiration or to assist in pulmonary ventilation |
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rhinoplasty |
plastic surgery of the nose |
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scan (lung, pleura) |
an image or a "picture" produced using radioactive isotopes, e.g., B-mode ultrasonography |
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submucous resection, excision of a portion of the submucous membrane of the nose to correct a defect |
SMR
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shortness of breath |
SOB |
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spirometer (spirometry) |
an instrument for measuring air taken into and expelled from the lungs; spirometry is the measurement of lung capacity |
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sputum |
matter ejected from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs through the mouth |
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tachypnea |
very rapid respiration |
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thoracentesis |
surgical puncture of the chest wall into the parietal cavity to remove fluid |
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TB test |
tine test |
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tracheostomy |
creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, e.g., insertion of a tube to facilitate ventilation |
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tracheotomy |
incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles of the neck |
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ventilator |
an apparatus to assist in pulmonary ventilation |
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vital capacity |
amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs after deep inspiration (pulmonary function test)
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wheeze |
breathing with a raspy or whistling sound; common symptom of asthma |
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