Chapter 11 Reading Key Terms

Front 1

Martin Van Buren (p. 296)

Back 1

-Under Jackson 1st team he served as secretary of state and minister to London.
-Fought with VP Calhoun to be Jackson's successor- and a rift btwn Jackson and Calhoun led to Van Buren become VP to Jackson in his 2nd term and later he was elected President.
- He inherited a big financial crisis which led to the establishment of a centralized treasury instead of money in state run banks.

Front 2

Peggy Eaton (p. 296)

Back 2

-Married Jackson's secretary of war John Eaton.
-But before she married Eaton her 1st husband killed himself after learning of the affair btwn Peggy and John Eaton.
-The wives of other cabinet members often snubbed her knowing of her lowly entrance. Caused what is known as the Eaton Affair.

Front 3

"spoils system" (p. 296)

Back 3

-the filling of federal government jobs with persons loyal to the party of the president- originated in Jackson's 1st term; the system was replaced in the Progressive Era by civil service.

Front 4

Webster-Hayne debate (p. 299)

Back 4

U.S Senate debate of January 1830 of U.S.-Canadian border disputes in Maine, New York, Vermont, and in the Wisconsin Territory (now northern Minnesota).

Front 5

Tariff of 1832 (p. 302)

Back 5

-Reduced duties on many items except on cloths and iron. South Carolina nullified it along with the tariff of 1828.
-President Jackson sent federal troops to the state and asked Congress to grant him the authority to enforce the tariffs.
-Henery Clay presented a plan of gradually reducing the tariffs until 1842, which congress passed and ended the crisis.

Front 6

"force bill" (p. 302)

Back 6

-During the nullification crisis between President Jackson and South Carolina, Jackson asked congress to pass this bill, which authorized him to use the army to force South Carolina to comply with federal law.

Front 7

Osceola (p. 305)

Back 7

(1804?-1838): He was the leader of the Seminole nation who resisted the federal Indian removal policy through a protracted guerilla war.
-In 1837, he was treacherously seized under a flag of truce and imprisoned at Fort Moultrie, where he was left to die.

Front 8

Trail of Tears (p. 305)

Back 8

-Cherokees' own term for their forced march, 1838-1893, from the Southern Appalachians to Indian lands (later Oklahoma); of 15,000 forced to march 4,000 died on the way.

Front 9

Nicholas Biddle (p. 308)

Back 9

-President of the Second Bank of the U.S.
-In response to President Andrew Jackson's attacks on the bank, Biddle curtailed the banks loans and exchanged its paper currency for gold and silver. He hoped to provoke an economic crisis to prove the banks importance. In response state banks began printing paper without restraint and lent it to speculators, causing a binge in speculating and an enormous increase in debt.

Front 10

"pet banks" (p. 310)

Back 10

-During President Jackson's fight with the national bank, Jackson resolved to remove all federal deposits from it. To comply with Jackson's demands, Secretary of Treasury Taney continued to draw on government's accounts in the national bank, but deposit all new federal receipts in state banks. The state banks that received these deposits were called "pet banks".

Front 11

Anti-Masonic party (p. 310)

Back 11

-Party grew out of popular hostility toward the Masonic fraternal order and entered the presidential election of 1832 as a third party. It was the 1st party to run as a third party in a presidential election as well as the first to hold a nomination convention and announce a party platform.

Front 12

Whig Party (p. 312)

Back 12

-Founded in 1834 to unite factions opposed to President Jackson, the party favored federal responsibility for internal improvements; the party ceased to exist by the late 1850's, when party members divided over the slavery issue.