Chapter 11 - Motivation And Emotion

Front 1

According to Carl Rogers, each individual's self-concept consists of what?

Back 1

an organized set of perceptions about his or her abilities and characteristics.

Front 2

According to Freud, our unconscious mind contains ______, _______, and _________ that are inaccessible and beyond awareness.

Back 2

Memories, Urges, and Conflicts

Front 3

According to Gordon Allport cardinal traits are ______ and are only displayed by a _____ individuals.

Back 3

rare
few

Front 4

According to Masters and Johnson, heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure begin to increase, and blood rushes to the genital organs during the _______ phase.

Back 4

Excitement Phase

Front 5

Chou believes that he will never do well in his music class; consequently, he seldom practices. His lack of practice results in poor grades, which further convinces him that he lacks the ability to do well. This interaction between Chou's beliefs, his behavior, and his environment illustrates the concept that Albert Bandura referred to as:

Back 5

Reciprocal Determinism

Front 6

Dr. Butrick believes that it is necessary to understand each person's own unique interpretation of reality if you are to truly understand an individual's personality and behavior. Dr. Butrick's views most closely mirror those of:

Back 6

Humanistic Approach

Front 7

Maslow suggested that self-actualizing individuals showed highly consistent personality characteristics that included ________, ___________, and ________________.

Back 7

Self-acceptance, self-motivation, and a strong sense of ethics.

Front 8

Michelle is extremely relaxed and secure, and she seldom appears self-conscious when she is around others. Based on the Big Five model of personality, Michelle would probably score ____ in __________.

Back 8

low in neuroticism

Front 9

One example of ________ ________ would be reading a newly released novel for you own enjoyment and pleasure

Back 9

Intrinsic Motivation

Front 10

One piece of evidence that suggests that expression of emotion may have a biological or genetic origin is the finding that there is a universal recognition of ________ from _____ ________.

Back 10

emotions from facial expressions.

Front 11

One problem with the commonsense view of emotion, the James-Lange theory of emotion, and the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion is that all three of these theories fail to consider the role of _______ ________ in the experience of emotions.

Back 11

Cognitive Interpretations

Front 12

Research has found that there are difference in _____ ________ between male homosexuals and male heterosexuals.

Back 12

brain structure.

Front 13

Schacter and Singer conducted an experiment in which students were injected with epinephrine. Half the students were told the injection might produce some general arousal; the remaining students were not informed about any potential reactions. Students then waited in a room with another student. Schacter and Singer found what?

Back 13

the students who were not informed about potential side effects tended to adopt the mood of the other student who waited with them

Front 14

The most widely used self-report personality inventory is the _______ _______ ______ _______.

Back 14

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Front 15

The order of human needs, from the most basic to the lease basic needs, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is __________, _______, _____________, _______, __________.

Back 15

Physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, self-actualization

Front 16

The research into expressing and experiencing anger suggests that we often get angry at people we love because why?

Back 16

we expect more from them, and this increases the chances of our expectations being violated.

Front 17

the view that physiological reactions precede and drive the subjective experience of emotions is known as the _______-______ ______ of ______.

Back 17

James-Lange theory of emotion

Front 18

Wayne is coloring a picture because he plans to submit the picture to a contest. He hopes to get a new bike by winning first prize in the contest. This is an example of ________ _________.

Back 18

Incentive motivation

Front 19

Who coined the term collective unconscious?

Back 19

Carl Jung

Front 20

For human behavior, the concept of drive has replaced the concept of _______.

Back 20

Instinct

Front 21

Steve had eaten a large breakfast right before coming to work, but he couldn’t resist taking one of the doughnuts a co-worker brought to share with the office. His behavior is an example of the power of _______.

Back 21

incentives

Front 22

Children will be most likely to show high achievement motivation and attempt to accomplish a task if what?

Back 22

Their parents show they value the task.

Front 23

Scott has always volunteered to walk his neighbor’s dog because he thinks it is fun. Before the neighbor went on vacation, he said he’d pay Scott to walk the dog each day. According to research on intrinsic motivation, it is likely that when expecting to be paid, Scott found walking the dog to be what?

Back 23

less fun than before.

Front 24

Deanna’s parents are worried about her refusal to eat. She weighs 80 lbs., but she still thinks she is too fat for a 5 ft-6 inch 17-year-old. A health professional should advise her parents that Deanna probably has ______ _______.

Back 24

anorexia nervosa

Front 25

Frieda is ethically sensitive, spontaneous, and open to experiences. These traits are characteristic of ___________.

Back 25

self-actualization

Front 26

Stimulation of which brain area causes an animal to begin eating?

Back 26

Hypothalamus

Front 27

A chemical found in high levels in the obese and that may regulate the storage of energy in fat cells is ______.

Back 27

Leptin

Front 28

When at a reception that offered many different types of hors d’oeuvres, you ate 10 pieces. At a reception in which only one type was served, you were content with eating only 5 pieces. This difference in eating behavior illustrates the concept of what?

Back 28

sensory-specific satiety

Front 29

A person's set point probably is determined by _________.

Back 29

Genetics.

Front 30

According to masters and Johnson, arousal continues to slowly increase during the _______ phase.

Back 30

plateau phase

Front 31

For humans, sexual motivation is best described as ______ _______.

Back 31

incentive motivation

Front 32

What role do pheromones play in human sexual behavior?

Back 32

Pheromones do not seem to affect humans greatly, but odors do influence sexual behavior.

Front 33

Dot's friend tells her, "Smile. You'll feel better." Her advice is consistent with the _______ _______ _______.

Back 33

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Front 34

The reason that many psychologists believe there are six basic emotions is what?

Back 34

that facial expressions representing those emotions are accurately recognized in many cultures.

Front 35

Firecrackers exploded behind Kim. To explain Kim's fear, the Cannon-Bard theory would suggest the firecrackers made Kim feel what?

Back 35

afraid and made her heart beat rapidly.

Front 36

In the Schachter and Singer study, which participants were most likely to adopt the mood of the accomplice?

Back 36

those who were aroused and did not expect arousal

Front 37

Recent research has found differences in the physiological responses and brain activity patterns associated with different emotions. This is most crucial for what theory.

Back 37

The James-Lange theory

Front 38

newly-hatched turtles immediately begin to crawl to the sea. This unlearned, characteristics behavior is an example of an ________.

Back 38

instinct

Front 39

Tad hasn't eaten in 12 hours. The internal state that will cause him go to the pantry for food is a _____.

Back 39

drive

Front 40

A lizard moves into the sunlight when its body temperature drops too low, and it moves back into the shade when its body temperature gets too warm. This is best explained in terms of _________.

Back 40

homeostasis

Front 41

Research suggests that the effect reward has on intrinsic motivation is primarily determined by whether the reward is ________.

Back 41

expected.

Front 42

Mona worked very hard to get As in school, practiced daily to become an expert pianist, and successfully ran for class president. Mona’s internal drive to succeed best represents strong _______ ________.

Back 42

achievement motivation

Front 43

School breakfast programs make sure children aren’t hungry so that they will be interested and able to focus on learning and academic achievement. The view of motivation that is most similar to this is what?

Back 43

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Front 44

Destruction of a specific portion of a rat's hypothalamus usually produces an increase in _____ and _____ _____.

Back 44

eating and weight gain

Front 45

Tom has weighed 250 lbs. all of his adult life. He lost 20 lbs. while sick one time, but he was back up to 250 lbs. within a few weeks of getting well. Tom’s experience is best explained by what?

Back 45

set point theory

Front 46

Mandy frequently eats a half-gallon of ice cream, two bags of cookies, a bucket of fried chicken, half a cake and three bags of potato chips in one evening. Afraid of gaining weight, but unable to stop eating, she vomits and uses laxatives to get rid of the food. Mandy’s behavior is characteristic of _____ ______.

Back 46

Bulimia Nervosa

Front 47

When May studied abroad, she found that some sexual behaviors her home culture considered unacceptable were very accepted in her new culture. This is best explained in terms of different ______ ______.

Back 47

Sexual Scripts

Front 48

Ten minutes after he reached orgasm, Chuck is mentally responding to his partner’s sexual advances, but his body isn’t responding. Chuck’s limitation is probably due to the fact that he is in the ______ phase of sexual response.

Back 48

resolution

Front 49

Brain and twin studies are consistent with the idea that sexual orientation is partially determined by biological or genetic factors, but a cause-effect relationship has not been established because

Back 49

the brain and twin studies data are correlational.

Front 50

Bert, Cal, and Joe all had the same knowledge when they took the final exam, but they differed in their level of arousal. Bert had a very low level of arousal, Cal had a moderate level of arousal, and Joe had a very high level of arousal. Which student probably got the highest score on the exam?

Back 50

Cal

Front 51

Babies show a wide range of emotional expressions, and emotional facial expressions are identified across cultures. These data support the idea that the expression of emotion has a _________ or ________ component.

Back 51

biological or genetic

Front 52

The facial feedback hypothesis is most similar to what theory.

Back 52

The James-Lange theory

Front 53

Juan meets a woman as he emerges from climbing three flights of stairs. According to the two-factor theory, Juan will be most likely to report the emotion of sexual attraction or "love at first sight" if he attributes what?

Back 53

his increased heart rate to the woman, rather than to the stairs.

Front 54

Although Mia made a 60 on her paper, she is happy because other people made 50s. This supports the idea that happiness is influenced by

Back 54

Social Comparison

Front 55

The greatest contribution of the two-factor theory and the supporting research is that the importance of _______ factors was recognized and incorporated.

Back 55

Cognitive.