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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Five-Factor Model (What is) |
describes personality, but provides no insight into causes or development of personality |
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The Five-Factor Model (5 points that make up) |
1. Extraversion 2. Neuroticism 3. Openness to experience 4. Agreeableness 5. Conscientiousness |
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Extraversion |
positive emitionality -outgoing, sociable, friendly, up-beat |
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Neuroticism |
negative emotionality -anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure |
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Openness to experience |
curious, flexible, vivid fantasy, imaginative, unconventional attitudes |
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Agreeableness |
sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, modest |
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Conscientiousness |
Constraint -discipined, well-organized, punctual, dependable (tend to experience less physical illness) |
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Freud's psychoanalytic theory |
focuses on the influence of early childhood experiences, unconscious motives and conflicts, and the methods people use to cope with sexual and aggressive urges |
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Structure of personality (Freud) |
-Id: Pleasure principle -Ego: Reality Principle -Superego: Morality |
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Id |
primitive, instictive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle |
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Pleasure Principle |
demands immediate gratification of urges "If it feels good, do it." Eat, sleep, sex |
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Ego |
decision making compoent of personality that operates according to the reality principle |
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Reality principle |
seeks to delay gratification of the id's urges until appropriate oulets and situations can be found - mediates betweend Id's desire for immediate satisfaction and society's rules and expectations |
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Superego |
the moral principle component of personality that internalizes his/her society's rules for right and wrong, forming what we normally refer to as "conscience" |
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3 levels of Awarness |
1. Conscious 2. Preconscious 3. Unconscious |
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Conscious |
What you are aware of at the present moment |
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Preconscious |
Awareness contains material just beneath the surface of awarness that can be easily retrieved |
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Unconscious |
thoughts, memories, and desires you have that you do not realize are there -Much larger influence on behavior |
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Conflict (Id vs Ego and Superego) |
behavior is the outcome of an ongoing series of internal _______ |
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Defense Mechanisms |
unconscious reacitons that protect a person from unpleasant emotions like anxiety or guilt |
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5 psychosexual stages |
1. oral 2. Anal 3. Phallic 4. Latency 5. Genital |
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Fixation |
a failure to move forward psychologically from one stage to another as expected - excessive gratification or frustration |
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Oral stage |
Age 0-1 -Mouth (Sucking, biting) - Weaning |
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Anal stage |
Age 2-3 -Anus (expelling or retaining feces) - Toilet training |
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Phallic stage |
Age 4-5 - Genitals (masterbating) - Identifying with adult role models - coping with Oedipal crisis |
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Oedipal Complex |
Children manifest erotically tinged desires for their opposite sex parent, accompanied by feelings of hostility toward their same sex parent |
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Latency stage |
Age 6-12 - None (sexually repressed) - Expanding social contacts |
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Genital stage |
Age: Puberty onward - Genitals (being sexually active) - Establishing intimate relationships |
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Behaviorism |
study only observable behavior -Personality is explaned by learning |
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Social Cognitive Theory |
extended behaviorism to explain personality by adding an empahsis on cognitive processes |
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cognitive processes |
self-reflecting, self-regulating, and proactive and not just reacting to stimuli |
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reciprocal determinism |
internal mental events, external environmental events, and overt behavior all influence one another |
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Humanistic Perspective |
the belief that every person is a unique individual |
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Humanism |
emphasizes the unique qulaities of humans, especially their freedom (free will) and potential for personal growth |
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Self-concept |
beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior -may not be consistent with our experiences |
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Incongruence |
the gap between self-concept and reality |
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congruence |
self-concept is resonably accurate with reality |
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Hierarchy of needs |
arrangement of needs, according to priority, in which needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused |
