Chapter 10 - Fat Soluble Vitamins

Front 1

Provitamin

Back 1

(=vitamin precursor)

vitamins that are inactive form outside the body

ex. Beta carotenoid

Front 2

Retinoids

Back 2

active forms of vitamin A:

retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid

Front 3

Carotenoids

Back 3

vitamin precursor of vitamin A

Front 4

Beta-carotene

Back 4

yellow-orange pigment that when cleaved gives off 2 retinal

– a lot of vitamin A

Front 5

Antioxidant

Back 5

substances that interfere with free radicals

Front 6

Tocopherol

Back 6

Vitamin E

Front 7

Vitamins are needed…

Back 7

In small amounts only

Front 8

Name the fat soluble vitamins

Back 8

A, D, E, K

Front 9

Most Americans get enough vitamin A, but that vitamin A deficiency causes…

Back 9

blindness in hundreds of thousands of children every year in the developing world, many of whom die

Front 10

Sunlight converts a precursor of Vitamin D…

Back 10

Into an active form

Front 11

Many people worldwide and a significant number in the U.S. have at least…

Back 11

Mild vitamin D deficency

Front 12

Vitamin

Back 12

Crucial for normal functioning, growth, and maintenance of body tissues. Body needs tiny amounts of vitamins

Front 13

The effect of food processing on vitamin content

Back 13

The more a food is processed and cooked, the more vitamins it loses.

Front 14

Sources and functions of vitamin A

Back 14

Source: Liver, fish liver oil, milk fat, carrots spinach

Functions: Vision, cell differentiation, immunity, reproduction, bone health

Front 15

Sources and functions of vitamin D

Back 15

Sources: Fortified foods such as milk, breakfast cereal, orange juice

Functions: Regulation of blood calcium, bone health, regulation of cell differentiation and growth

Front 16

Sources and functions of vitamin E

Back 16

Sources: Wheat germ oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil

Functions: Protection and maintenance of cellular membranes through antioxidant capacity

Front 17

Sources and functions of vitamin K

Back 17

Sources: Spinach, greens, broccoli, brussel sprouts; gut bacteria

Functions: Blood clotting, bone health/sustaining bone mineral density

Front 18

The difference in absorption of vitamins based on whether they are fat- or water-soluble:

Back 18

Fat -soluble = soluble in fat

Intestinal cells absorb fat-soluble vitamins along with dietary fat.

Water-soluble = soluble in water

Intestinal cells absorb water-soluble vitamins and deliver it directly into the bloodstream.

Front 19

What are the differences between fat- and water-soluble vitamins in storage and toxicity?

Back 19

Fat-soluble vitamins accumulate in the liver and adipose tissues, where they can be drawn upon in times of need.

Your body does not store most water-soluble vitamins, so they should be a part of your daily diet.

Front 20

People who take megadoses of one or more vitamins…

Back 20

Run the risk of toxicity

Front 21

Why does Vitamin A deficiency produce night blindness?

Back 21

Because the lack of vitamin A, rhodopsin regeneration slows dramatically. The eyes contain only 0.01 % of the body’s vitamin A, they are so sensitive to vitamin A levels that one injection of the vitamin can relieve bight blindness within minutes

Front 22

What is the health-promoting effects of carotenoid consumption?

Back 22

- Carotenoids are antioxidants and reduce risks of premature aging, cancer, bone loss, and diabetes

- Carotenoids can strengthen growth-regulatory signals between cells and help prevent damaged cells from reproducing and forming tumors.

- Carotenoids can protect the eyes by inhibiting the oxidative damage that contributes to age-related blindness.

Front 23

Symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency

Back 23

Growth retardation and development can lead to bone deformities, blindness, reduced sperm production, infertility in women, loss of taste and smell

Front 24

Symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency

Back 24

Osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia

Front 25

Symptoms of Vitamins E deficiency

Back 25

Premature hemolysis, hemolytic anemia, neurological problems

Front 26

Symptoms of Vitamin K deficiency

Back 26

Reduced bone density, bone fractures, bleeding

Front 27

Should I take a daily multivitamin?

Back 27

Multivitamin cannot in any way replace a healthful well-balanced diet. It fills nutritional gaps and provides only a hint of the vary array of healthful nutrients and chemicals naturally found in food.