Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are microbes? What are pathogens? List/distinguish different types of microbes. |
microbes: Organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. Pathogens are disease causing microbes. Bacteria &archaea= prokaryote, fungi, algae, protozoa, multicellular animal parasite=eukaryotes and viruses=neither |
|
|
Differentiate the major characteristics of each group of microorganisms.
|
• Bacteria: peptidoglycan cell walls, divide by binary fission, may cause disease but most beneficial, energy: organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis • Archaea: lack peptidoglycan cell walls, non pathogenic, extremophiles, include halophile, thermophiles, and methanogens • Multicellular animal parasite: parasitic flatworms, and roundworms • Fungi: polysaccharide cell walls, non-motile, single cells or filaments, absorb nutrients from surroundings energy: organic chemicals • Algae: cellulose cell walls, produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds, energy: photosynthesis • Protozoa: free living or parasitic, may be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella, absorb or ingest organic chemicals • Viruses: acellular, has DNA or RNA core, replicate in living host, lipid envelope coat |
|
|
List the three domains and characteristics of each.
|
Bacteria: prokaryotic, microscopic, peptidoglycan cell wall, Archaea: prokaryotic, microscopic, no peptidoglycan, Eukarya: resistant to traditional antibacterial antibiotics |
|
|
What are the major differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
|
Eukaryotes: possess a nucleus includes fungi, protozoa, algae, plants, and animal Prokaryotes: do not possess a nuclear membrane, include bacteria and archaea |
|
|
Describe some of the destructive and beneficial actions of microbes.
|
• Decompose organic waste • Producers in the ecosystem by photosynthesis • Fix nitrogen into forms used by plants • Make essential vitamins • Produce industrial chemicals, fermentation, antibiotics, vaccines, and medications • Perform geochemical cycling • Destructions: tuberculosis, leprosy, small pox, bubonic plague |
|
|
7. Know the discoveries of: Pasteur,Lister,Koch,Fleming,Jenner,Hooke,Semmelweis,and van Leeuwenhoek
|
• Pasteur: biogenesis theory ( s-shaped flask) and pasteurization • Lister: disinfectant • Koch: Koch’s postulates (prove biogenesis: living organisms arise from preexisting life) • Fleming: created first anti-biotic (penicillin) • Jenner: inoculated first person with cow pox • Hooke: cell theory • Semmelweis: advocated handwashing • van Leeuwenhoek: saw first microbe |
|
|
Know definitions of the Germ theory of disease and spontaneous generation.
|
Germ theory of disease is when a specific disease is caused by a specific microbe Spontaneous generation is the hypothesis that living organisms arise from non-living matter (air) |
|
|
Explain how Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation with the S-shaped/Swan neck flask.
|
He used s shaped flasks so microbes couldn’t make their way into the broth, neck of flask trapped microbes, broth in flask had no signs of life so microbes didn’t arise out of air
|
|
|
What are Koch’s Postulates? Recognize the steps/what they involve.
|
• Observe microbe, isolate out host, transfer in new host and re-observe, re-isolate microbe out of new host
|
