Chapter 1: Matter And Change

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Chemistry

Back 1

is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.

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Organic Chemistry

Back 2

is the study of most carbon-containing compounds.

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Inorganic Chemistry

Back 3

is the study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics).

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Physical Chemistry

Back 4

is the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy.

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Analytical Chemistry

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is the identification of the components and composition of materials.

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Biochemistry

Back 6

is the study of substances and processes occurring in living things.

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Theoretical Chemistry

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is the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds.

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Chemical

Back 8

is any substance that has a definite composition.

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Basic Research

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is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge, such as how and why a specific reaction occurs and what the properties of a substance are.

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Applied Research

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is generally carried out to solve a problem.

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Technological Development

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typically involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life.

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Mass

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is the measure of the amount of matter.

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Matter

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can be defined as anything that has mass and takes up space.

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Atom

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is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemically identity of that element.

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Element

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is a pure substance that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances, and is made of one type of atom.

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Compound

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is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substance. (Made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.)

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Extensive Properties

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depend on the amount of matter that is present.

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Intensive Properties

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do not depend on the amount of matter present.

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Physical Property

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is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.

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Physical Change

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is a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of that substance.

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Change of State

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is a physical change of a substance from one state to another.

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Solid

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Matter in the _________ state has definite volume and shape.

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Liquid

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Matter in the _________ state has a definite volume but an indefinite shape.

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Gas

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Matter in the _________ state has neither definite volume nor definite shape.

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Plasma

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is a high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms.

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Chemical Property

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relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.

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Chemical Change / Chemical Reaction

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is a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.

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Reactants

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are the substances that react in a chemical change.

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Products

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are the substances that are formed by the chemical change.

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Mixture

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is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties.

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Homogeneous / Solution

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uniform in composition

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Heterogeneous

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not uniform throughout

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Pure Substance

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A _________ has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture in the following ways:

1. Every sample of a given ___________ has exactly the same characteristic properties.

2. Every sample of a given ___________ has exactly the same composition.

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Periodic Groups / Families

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are the vertical columns of the periodic table.

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Periodic Periods

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are the horizontal rows in the periodic table.

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Metal

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is an element that is good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor. Malleable, Ductile, with a high tensile strength.

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Malleability

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can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets.

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Ductile

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can be drawn into a fine wire.

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Tensile Strength

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the ability to resist breaking when pulled.

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Nonmetal

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is an element that is poor conductor of heat and electricity.

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Metalliod

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is an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals.

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Noble Gases

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are unreactive gases.