Matter And Change

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Mass

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A measure of the amount of matter that an object contains

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Volume

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A measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter

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Extensive property

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A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

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Intensive property

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A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample

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Substance

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Matter that has a definate and uniform composition

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Physical property

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A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substances composition

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Solid

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A form of matter that has a definate shape and volume

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Liquid

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A form of matter that flows, has a indefinate shape and volume

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Gas

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A form of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container

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Vapor

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Describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature

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Physical change

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A change during which some properties of a substance change but the composition does not

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Mixture

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A physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

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Heterogeneous mixture

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A mixture that is not uniform in composition

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Homogeneous mixture

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A mixture that is uniform in composition.

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Solution

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Another name for a homogeneous mixture

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Phase

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Describes any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

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How many phases does a homogeneous mixture have

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One

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How many phases does a heterogeneous mijxture contain?

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Two or more

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Filtration

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The process that separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture

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Distillation

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Separation of a liquid by boiling followed by condensation

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Element

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The simplest form of matter that has unique set of properties

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Compound

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A substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed proportion

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What is an example of a compound?

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H2O, NaCl

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Compounds can be what?

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Broken down into simpler elements by chemical means

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Can elements be broken down further?

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No

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Chemical change

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A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter

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Chemical symbol

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Used to represent elements. Usually 1 or 2 letters, the first being capitalized.

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Chemical property

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The ability of a substance to undergo a chemical change

Chemical properties can be used to identify a substance

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Chemical change

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Also known as a chemical reaction. The process where the composition of matter changes. One or more substances transform into one or more new substances

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Reactant

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The substance present at the start of a chemical reaction/change

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Product

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The substance created by the chemical reaction/change

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Precipitate

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A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture

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What are possible indicators of a chemical change?

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Transfer of energy

Change in color

Production of a gas

Formation of a precipitate

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Law of conservation of mass

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During any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved. Mass is neither created or destroyed.

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What are the 2 types of physical changes

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Reversible and irreversible

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Physical property

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A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition

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Reversible physical change

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All physical changes that involve changing from one state to another...melting, freezing,

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Describe a solid

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Rigid with definate shape and definate volume

Atomic molecular spacing are close together

Atoms are packed close to each other in fixed locations

Exampes are ice cubes,diamonds, iron bars

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Describe a liquid

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Atoms close together

Indefinate shape with definate volume

Atoms packed close together but are free to move around

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Describe a gas

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Atoms are far apart

Indefinate shape and volume

Atoms are far apart and are free to move around

Examples are air, helium, oxygen

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How are liquid and gasses similar?

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Both take the shape of their container..