Chap 8. Q & A. Politics Of Globalization

Front 1

Liberals see balance-of-power politics as a

Back 1

never-ending formula for conflict and for wasting resources.

Front 2

The difficulty of precisely measuring power is a result of the fact that

Back 2

there is no standard measure for power.

Front 3

If an actor can gain power without the power of other actors being diminished, that power is considered

Back 3

A non-zero sum game

Front 4

The view that many factors should be taken into account when estimating a country’s national power suggests that power is

Back 4

Multidimensional

Front 5

The author refers to monsoon rains and heavy vegetation to demonstrate how

Back 5

Difficult it can be to fight a war in a climate not suited to a country’s military.

Front 6

All of the following are parts of a country’s infrastruc¬ture except

Back 6

Economic Performance

Front 7

Which of the following is the main point of contention between the United States and North Korea?

Back 7

Nuclear weapons development

Front 8

Disadvantages of leader-to-leader diplomacy include all of the following except

Back 8

Decrease in IGO participation

Front 9

When leaders make a conciliatory speech, they are most likely to be engaging in

Back 9

Signaling

Front 10

One advantage of vagueness in diplomacy is that countries can

Back 10

Explore alternative options without being forced to make a commitment

Front 11

Power is primarily objective because it is easily quantified.

Back 11

False

Front 12

The U.S. educational system is a primary element of the country’s overwhelming superiority in power.

Back 12

False

Front 13

Much of modern diplomacy can be traced through its evolution in Western practice

Back 13

True

Front 14

Ultimatums, especially public ones, often lead to war.

Back 14

True

Front 15

Diplomats should always be very precise when communicating with other countries.

Back 15

False

Front 16

Upsurge of high-level diplomacy

Prevalence of “summit meetings”:
Meetings between heads of state are very common

Example: Annual meetings of the leaders of the Group of Eight (G-8)

Back 16

Leader-to-Leader Diplomacy

Front 17

Includes the use or threat of economic sanctions and the threat of military force

Back 17

Direct application of power:

The Nature of Diplomacy:Diplomacy as Applied Power

Front 18

Involves a communications process of a country skillfully advancing its policy preferences, arguing the merit of its position, and persuading others to join it in promoting those goals or at least to accede to them

Back 18

Indirect application of power:

The Nature of Diplomacy:Diplomacy as Applied Power

Front 19

The U.S.–North Korean confrontation
China-Taiwan tensions
The U.S.-Afghani crisis in 2001
The U.S.-Iraqi crisis of 2002–2003

Back 19

A Foundation for Analysis

Front 20

Expansion of geographic scope
Multilateral diplomacy
Leader-to-leader diplomacy
Democratized diplomacy
Parliamentary diplomacy
Open diplomacy
Public diplomacy

Back 20

The Context of Diplomacy

Front 21

No longer limited to Europe
Rise of multilateral, parliamentary, and democratized diplomacy
Value placed on open diplomacy
Role of United Nations
More high-level diplomacy
Use of public diplomacy for negotiation leverage

Back 21

Expansion of Geographic Scope

Front 22

Travel and communication revolutions
Increasing recognition of global (transnational) concerns and issues
Attractive to smaller countries as a way to influence policy
Expectations that important international actions will be taken within multilateral framework

Back 22

Multilateral Diplomacy (PPT)

Front 23

Negotiation between two countries.

Back 23

bilateral diplomacy

Front 24

Negotiations among three or more countries

Back 24

Multilateral Diplomacy - Definition

Front 25

High-level meetings for diplomatic negotiations between national political leaders.

Back 25

Summit Meetings

Front 26

Upsurge of high-level diplomacy

Prevalence of “summit meetings”:
Meetings between heads of state are very common

Example: Annual meetings of the leaders of the Group of Eight (G-8)

Back 26

Leader-to-Leader Diplomacy

Front 27

Symbolic gestures; shifts in relations
Dramatic breakthroughs can be made
False information and stereotypes can be dispelled
Mutual confidences/friendships may develop among leaders

Back 27

Advantages of Leader-to-Leader Diplomacy

Front 28

Ill-conceived agreements may result when experts are pushed aside
Misunderstandings may occur
Difficult to reverse (no escape routes)
Personal tensions between leaders can damage working relations

Back 28

Disadvantages of Leader-to-Leader Diplomacy

Front 29

Diplomats representative of wider segment of society
Rise of the roles of legislatures, interest groups, and other expressions of popular opinion in diplomatic relations
Promotion of public diplomacy aimed at legislatures, interest groups, and other expressions of popular opinion

Back 29

Democratized Diplomacy (PPT)

Front 30

The current trend in diplomacy where diplomats are drawn from a wider segment of society, making them more representative of their nations.

Back 30

Democratized Diplomacy (Def)

Front 31

The concept that in order to arrive at satisfactory international agreements, a country’s diplomats actually have to deal with (at one level) the other country’s negotiators and (at the second level) legislators, interest groups, and other domestic forces at home.

Back 31

Two-level game theory

Front 32

Debate and voting in international organizations to settle diplomatic issues.

Back 32

Parliamentary democracy (DEF)

Front 33

Two-level game theory:
Leaders must find a solution that is acceptable to both other countries at the international level and political actors (legislatures, voters, interest groups) at the domestic level

Back 33

Democratized Diplomacy, continued (PPT)

Front 34

Debating and voting in international organizations

Raises questions about sovereign equality

Illustrated by U.S. campaign to win UN Security Council approval for an invasion of Iraq in 2003

Back 34

Parliamentary Diplomacy (PPT)

Front 35

Emphasis on widely reported and well-documented diplomacy
Strengths and weaknesses of secret diplomacy
Public negotiations can compromise ability to win concessions and lead diplomats to posture for public consumption

Back 35

Open Diplomacy (PPT)

Front 36

The public conduct of negotiations and the publication of agreements.

Back 36

Open Diplomacy (Def)

Front 37

Important role of communication revolution
Process of creating an overall international image that enhances a country’s ability to achieve diplomatic success
Use of propaganda:
Attempt to influence another Country by appealing to emotions rather than logic
Can go beyond to disinformation

Back 37

Public Diplomacy (PPT)

Front 38

A process of creating an overall international image that enhances your ability to achieve diplomatic success

Back 38

Public Diplomacy (Def)

Front 39

Observing and reporting

Negotiating

Signaling

Back 39

Diplomacy as a Communication Process

Front 40

Be realistic
Understand the importance of language
Seek common ground
Be flexible
Understand the other side
Be patient
Leave avenues of retreat open

Back 40

The Rules of Effective Diplomacy

Front 41

Direct versus indirect negotiation
High-level versus low-level
Using coercion versus rewards to gain agreement
Being precise versus being intentionally vague.
Communicating by word versus by deed
Linking issues versus treating them separately
Maximizing or minimizing a dispute

Back 41

Options for Conducting Diplomacy

Front 42

In order for coercive diplomacy to be effective, a country must posses all of the following except

Back 42

Desire

Front 43

The United States' attempt to win Security Council approval for an invasion of Iraq was an example of

Back 43

Parliamentary diplomacy.

Front 44

When leaders make a conciliatory speech, they are most likely to be engaging in

Back 44

Signaling

Front 45

The internal source of law that formed the positivist school of law. It states that law reflects society and the way people want that society to operate. Law is and ought to be the product of the codification or formalization of a society’s standards.

Back 45

Positivism