Chapter 1. Politics Of Globalization

Front 1

A measure of income within a country that excludes foreign earnings

Back 1

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Front 2

The Importance of Studying World Politics

Back 2

Blurring of the line between the global and the local with intermestic issues such as:
- Trade and capital flow
- Defense spending
- Terrorism and political violence
- Disease
- Global warming

Front 3

World Politics and Your Finances: The Global Flow of Goods and Services

Back 3

- Dependence of foreign sources for vital resources (i.e., crude oil prices)
- Jobs and trade–job gains and losses
- Foreign investment and international financial markets

Front 4

Domestic versus Defense Spending

Back 4

- Guns versus butter–some ambiguity in relationship (See Table 1.1)
- Defense sector in the domestic economy–Homeland Security expenses

Front 5

World Politics and Your Living Space: Sharing Air, Water and Land

Back 5

As population increases, resources deplete

Pollution and environmental destruction
- Global warming leads flooding, droughts, and other weather-related disasters
- Public health and disease control
- Deforestation and soil erosion

Front 6

World Politics and Your Life:Transnational Disease and Political Violence

Back 6

Increased human contact through advances in transportation technology
- SARS outbreak
- Worsening AIDS epidemic in Africa

War and international security
- Grave threats of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
- Rise in civilian casualties
- Terrorism–unconventional forms of violence

Front 7

The traditional path that emphasizes the centrality of the state on the world stage and the pursuit of national self-interest above all else

Back 7

Realism

Front 8

The alternative path that emphasizes a more cooperative, globalist approach and the important role of global institutions and regional organization as authoritative actors on the world stage

Back 8

Idealism

Front 9

Realism and the Nature of Politics

Back 9

- Influence of Thomas Hobbes and Hans Morgenthau: Conflict is inevitable
- Largely pessimistic: Humans are aggressive and self-serving, and they are unlikely to change
- Neorealism: Focus on anarchic nature of world system based on competing sovereign states
- Influence of Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Humans join civil societies and cooperate to achieve mutual benefits

Front 10

- Power-based perspective–survival of the most powerful
- Emphasizes pragmatic, self-help policy prescriptions
‘Might makes right

Back 10

Realism–an emphasis on power

Front 11

- Based on cooperative and ethical standards
- Seeks to create policy norms of justice and peace
- ‘Right makes right’

Back 11

Liberalism–an emphasis on principles

Front 12

- Place own country’s interests first
- Practice balance-of-power politics
- Achieve peace through strength
- Do not waste power on peripheral issues

Back 12

Realism–realpolitik approach

Front 13

- Power is not the essence of international relations
- Power politics is futile and destructive
- Peace is achieved through cooperative relations
- Willingness to surrender some sovereignty to international structures promoting cooperation

Back 13

Liberalism–globalist approach

Front 14

- Comparing the ability of realism or idealism to explain world history
- Competition has dominated world history
- Realpolitik is the order of the day
- Both realism and idealism influence current policy
- ‘What should be’ and ‘What will be’ remain far more important questions than ‘What is’

Back 14

Assessing Reality: Realism and Liberalism

Front 15

A measure of the relative purchasing power of different currencies. It is measured by the price of the same goods in different countries, translated by the exchange rate of that country's currency against a "base currency" usually the U.S. dollar

Back 15

Purchasing Power Partity (PPP)

Front 16

(1588-1697), who beleived that humans posses an inherent urge to dominate. In his book Leviathan (1651), _____ argued that "If any two men desire the same thing, whcih nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies and...endeavor to destroy or subdue one another.

More pesimistic. _____ argued that man’s natural state was war and without government life would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”; a struggle to survive. Therefore, there is a need for a single, strong ruler.

Back 16

Thomas Hobbes

Front 17

The most essential characterisitic of an international state. The term stronly implies political independance from any higher authority and also suggests at least theoretical equality.

Back 17

Sovereignty