Ch.3 An Age Of Exploration And Isolation

Front 1

military expeditions carried out by European Christians in the Middle Ages(1096-1270) in an attempt to regain the holy land from the Muslims

Back 1

Crusades

Front 2

total control by one group or person of a product or service; demands and shortages in goods, and a monopoly by Muslims and Italians who controlled trade from east to west led other European nations to find a sea route directly to Asia

Back 2

monopoly

Front 3

a new vessel developed by shipbuilders in the 1400s that was sturdier than earlier vessels, and adopted triangular sails to enable them to effectively sail against the wind

Back 3

caravel

Front 4

a compact instrument used to calculate position north or south of the Equator before the invention of the sextant

Back 4

astrolabe

Front 5

a device developed to determine magnetic north

Back 5

magnetic compass

Front 6

Prince of Portugal, established navigation schools that helped to improve the compass and astrolabe; his sailors also produced better sails, and math tables to determine latitude from the angle of the North Star, or the sun's elevation

Back 6

prince henry the navigator

Front 7

first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa

Back 7

Bartolomeu Dias

Front 8

portuguese navigator who sailed atound the cape of good hope at the southern tip of africa to india in may 1498

Back 8

vasco da gama

Front 9

italian who sailed for spain; he tried to establish an all water route from europe to india by sailing west

Back 9

christopher columbus

Front 10

a 1494 agreement between portugaland spain, declaring that newly discovered lands of the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to spain, and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to portgal

Back 10

reaty of tordesaillas

Front 11

led a spanish fleet in the first attempted circumnavigation of the globe; they sailed around cape horn at the tip of south america and across the pacific ocean(1519-1521)

Back 11

ferdinand magellan

Front 12

a company founded by the dutch in the early 17th centuryto establish and direct trade throughout asia

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dutch east india company

Front 13

a chinese dynasty that ruled from 1364 to 1644

Back 13

ming dynasty

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a payment by one country to another to achnowledge its submission

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tribute

Front 15

commanded a rebel army that drove the mongols out of china in 1368; he became the first emperor of the ming dynasty; his reign included a return to confucian moral standards and a restoration of the merit based civil service examination system; his reforms attempted to restore agricultural lands devastated by war, erase all traces of the mongol past, and promote china's power and proserity

Back 15

hongwu

Front 16

chinese muslim admiral that led 7 voyages of exploration for china to southeast asia and india, and later to arabia and eastern africa; the voyages were designed to impress the world with the power and splendor of the ming dynasty, and also to try to expand china's tribute system; the expeitions had from 40 to 300 ships, and crews that numbered over 27,000 on some voyages; as a result, more than 16 countries sent tribute to the ming court

Back 16

zheng he

Front 17

a people, native to manchuria, who ruled during the qing dynasty

Back 17

manchus

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chinas last dynasty which ruled from 1644 to 1912

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qing dynasty

Front 19

became qing empror in 1661 and ruled for some 60 years; he reduced government expenses, lowered taxes, offered chinese intellectuals government positions, and enjoyed the company of jesuits at court who introduced the latest developments in science, mathematics and medicine from europe

Back 19

kangxi

Front 20

a policy of avoiding political, economic, or military involvement with other countries

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isolation

Front 21

conquered by the manchus; they adopted china's technology, culture and policy of isolation; the manchu invasion combined with a japanede attack in the 1590's provoked a strong feeling of nationalism in the Korean peeople

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korea

Front 22

a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on their land

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feudalism

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time in japanese history from 1467-1568 dnown as the "Warring States" period

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sengoku

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a japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai

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daimyo

Front 25

general who began the unification of japan(1534-1582); using his motto "Rule the empire by force," he sought to eliminate his enemies including rival daimyo and wealthy buddhist monasteries aligned with them; his army used firearms effectively for the first time in japan; he commited seppuku, the ritual suicide of the samurai when one of his own generals turned on him

Back 25

oda nobunaga

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military dictator of japan; didsarmed peasants and imposed laws to control warriors; invaded korea in an arrempt o conquer china

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toyotami hideyoshi

Front 27

a dynasty of showguns that ruled a unified japan, fron 1603-1867

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tokogawa shogunate

Front 28

a japanese form of poetry, consisting of 3 unrhymed lines of 5-7-5 syllables

Back 28

haiku

Front 29

a type of japanese drama in which music, dance, and mime are used to present stories

Back 29

kabuki