Ch.10 An Age Of Democracy And Progress

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a system of government in which the monarch serves as the head of state, bit Parliament holds the real power; the British Parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons; members of the House of the Lords either inheirt their seats or are appionted; members of the House of Commons are elected by the British people

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constutional monarchy

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the right to vote

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sufferage

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in Britain, this law ceased the property requirements so that well-to-do men in the middle class could vote, and also modernized the districts for electing members of Parliament

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Reform Bill of 1832

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in the 19th century Britian, members of the working class demanded reforms in Parliament and in elections, including sufferage for all men

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chartist movement

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The British Empire reached the height of its wealth and power under her reign; however she was forced to accept a new virtually powerless role for the British monarch; the spread of democracy in the 1800's shifted political power almost completely to Parliament and especially to the House of Commons; mow the government was completely run by the prime minister and the cabinet

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Queen Victoria

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the rupublic that was established in France after the downfall of Napoleon III and ended with the
german occupation of France during WWII

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Third Republic

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a controversy in France in the 1890s, centering on the trial and imprissionment of a Jewish army officer, Captain Alfred Dreyfus, who had been falsely accused of selling military secrets to Germany

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Dreyfus affair

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predjudice against Jews

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Anti-Semitism

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a movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine

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zionism

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in the British Empire, a nation (such as Canada)allowed to govern its own domestic affairs

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dominion

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a member of a Polynesian people who settled in New Zealand around A.D. 800

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maori

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a member of any of the native peoples of Australia

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aborigine

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a colony to which convicts are sent as an alternative to prison

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penal colony

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a control over internal matters granted to the residents of a region by ruling a government

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home rule

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an unofficial nationalist military force seeking independence for Ireland from Great Britian

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Irish Republican Army

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the idea, popular among mid-19th century Americans, that it was the right and the duty of the United States to rule from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean

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manifest destiny

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purchase of all land between the Mississippi Riverand the Rocky Mountains by the United States from France in 1803 for $15 million dollars

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Louisiana Purchase

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in 1819, the United States gained all Spanish land east of the Mississippi River(Florida), Spain gave up any claimes to the Oregon county, and the U.S. gave up its claim to Texas

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Adams-Onis Treaty

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law passed in 1830 that provided money to move Indian groups out of the southeastern United States to western reservations

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Indian Removal Act

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name given to the Independent Republic of Texas after its successful revolution against Mexico; it was annexed to the United States in 1845

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Lone Star Republic

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a compromise treaty was signed in 1846 to prevent war and established the 49th parallel as the dividing line between the British and U.S. territories

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Oregon County

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the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established a sale of vast Mexican territories to the U.S. including California and territory in the southwest at the conclusion of the Mexican War

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Mexican cession

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land purchase along the southern borders of New Mexico and Arizona by the U.S. from Mexico in 1853 to allow for the constuction of the Southern Pacific Railroad

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Gadsden Purchase

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the 16th U.S. president(1861-1865); his election sparked the succession of South Carolina and the formation of the Confederate States of America

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Abraham Lincoln

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to withdraw formally from an association or alliance

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secede

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a conflict between Northern and Southern states of the United States over the issue of slavery, lasing from 1861 to 1865

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U.S. Civil War

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a declaration issued by U.S. president Abrahan Linsoln in 1863, stating that all slaves in the Confederate States were free

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Emancipation Proclamation

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the leagal of social separation of people of different races (Norhern idea)

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segregation

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U.S. inventor of the phonograh(1877) and incandescent light bulb(1879); his research laboratories invented or made improvements on a wide variety of products including storage batteries, dictaphones, mimeograph, and the electric locomotive

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Thomas Edison

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inventor of the telephone

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Alexander Graham Bell

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italian inventor of the first radio in 1895

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Guglielmo Marconi

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in a factory, an arrangement in which a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in its manufacture

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assembly line

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U.S. bicycle mechanics that completed the first successful man-made flighe at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in 1903

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Wilbur and Orville Wright

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French chemist who learned heat killed bacteria, leading to a process called pasteurization to kill germs in liquids such as milk

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Louis Pasteur

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Russian chemist who organized a chart called the Periodie Table on which all known chemical elements were arranged in order of weight, from the lightest to the heaviest

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Dmitri Mendeleev

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a form of energy released as atoms decay

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radioactivity

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the study of the human mind and human behavior

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psychology

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the produntion of works of art and entertainment designed to appeal to a large audience

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mass culture

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the revival in 1896 at Athens, Greece of the ancient Greek tradition of holding an athletic competition among countries every four years

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olympic games

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1775-1781

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American Revolutionary War

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1812-1815

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War of 1812

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1846-1848

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Mexican War

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1861-1865

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Civil War

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1898

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Spanish-American War

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1914-1918

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World War I

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1939-1945

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World War II

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1961-1975

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Vietnam War