Ch13 Sensory And Motor Systems Neuro

Front 1

consists of all our muscles and the

neurons that control them

Back 1

motor system

Front 2

What does the somatic motor system include

Back 2

our muscles and the neurons that control them

Front 3

What is skeletal muscle derived from?

Back 3

mesoderm tissue that forms prominent bulges on either side of the neural tube

Front 4

How many pairs of somites make

up the skeletal muscle?

Back 4

33 pairs

Front 5

What are the two categories of muscle?

Back 5

Striated and smooth

Front 6

muscle that lines the digestive tract,

arteries, and related structures and

is innervated by nerve fibers from

the autonomic nervous system

Back 6

Smooth Muscle

Front 7

Peristalsis

Back 7

the movement of material through the intestines

Front 8

Two types of striated muscle

Back 8

cardiac and skeletal

Front 9

heart muscle, which contracts rhythmically

even in the absence of any innervation

Back 9

Cardiac muscle

Front 10

muscle that constitutes the bulk of

the muscle mass of the body and

functions to move bones around joints,

to move the eyes within the head, to

inhale and exhale, to control facial expression, and to produce speech.

Back 10

Skeletal Muscle

Front 11

Within each muscle fiber there are

hundreds of what? Innervated by what?

Back 11

There are hundreds of muscle fibers.

Each fibers innervated by a single axon branch from the CNS.

Front 12

The skeletal muscles and the parts of the

nervous system that control them;

the system that generates behavior.

Back 12

The Somatic Motor System

Front 13

What type of control is the somatic motor

system under and what does it generate?

Back 13

Voluntary control, and it generates behavior.

Front 14

Movement of muscle is controlled

at least by these two levels in the CNS

Back 14

1- Circuitry within SC allows for coordinated control of movement

2- Circuitry mechanisms can be modified by

descending input from the brain

Front 15

movement in the direction that closes

Back 15

flexion

Front 16

movement in the direction that opens

Back 16

extension

Front 17

What is unique to heart cells?

Back 17

automatism

Front 18

contracting in the absence of any stimulation

Back 18

automatism

Front 19

What two ways does the CNS control

the force of muscle contraction?

Back 19

1- how fast motor neurons fire

2- recruiting more muscle

Front 20

lower motor neuron

Back 20

somatic neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord

Front 21

upper motor neurons

Back 21

neurons of the brain that supply input to the spinal cord

Front 22

The final common pathway for the control of

behavior

Back 22

lower motor neurons because they are the only neurons that directly command muscle

contraction

Front 23

How many spinal nerves are there?

Back 23

30 on each side

Front 24

Why are the spinal nerves called mixed

spinal nerves?

Back 24

They contain both sensory and motor fibers

Front 25

a muscle that opposes the action of another

Back 25

antagonist

Front 26

these motor neurons directly trigger the

generation of force by muscles

Back 26

alpha motor neurons

Front 27

the specialized synapse between a

nerve and a skeletal muscle

Back 27

neuromuscular junction

Front 28

The 3 major sources of input to alpha motor neurons

Back 28

1- sensory info that provides feedback about muscle length from muscle spindles. (dorsal root ganglia innervate muscle spindles)

2- upper motor neurons in the motor cortex and brain stem that control voluntary movement

3- The largest input are interneurons in the spinal cord that generates spinal motor programs

Front 29

muscle membrane contains what

kind of channels?

Back 29

voltage gated sodium channels

Front 30

this action potential (the excitation)

triggers the release of Ca2 from an

organelle inside the

muscle fiber

Back 30

excitation-contraction coupling

Front 31

when does muscle contraction occur in

excitation-contraction coupling

Back 31

when ACh binds to nicotinic ACh receptors on the outside of the muscle membrane.

Front 32

sarcolemma

Back 32

excitable membrane that encloses muscle fibers

Front 33

these contract in response to an

action potential sweeping down the

sarcolemma

Back 33

myofibrils

Front 34

What surrounds myofibrils and what does it store?

Back 34

scarcoplasmic reticulum, an extensive intracellular sac that stores Ca2

Front 35

these conduct electrical activity from

the surface of the membrane into the SR

Back 35

T tubules

Front 36

Structure of a muscle smallest unit to largest

Back 36

myofibrils - muscle fiber - axon - fascicle - muscle

Front 37

What is every muscle wrapped in?

Back 37

epimysium

Front 38

what is each fascicle wrapped in?

Back 38

perimysium

Front 39

What is each muscle fiber wrapped in?

Back 39

endomysium

Front 40

Direct control of muscle contraction is exerted by what type of neurons?

Back 40

lower motor neurons only

Front 41

these neurons in the brain exert indirect control over muscles

Back 41

higher motor neurons

Front 42

What are the two types of lower motor neurons?

Back 42

Alpha and Gama

Front 43

lower motor neurons associated with muscle contraction and have direct innervation of skeletal muscle

Back 43

alpha motor neurons

Front 44

lower motor neurons associated with intrafusal fibers inside the muscle and detect tension

Back 44

gamma

Front 45

alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Back 45

motor unit

Front 46

Two types of motor units

Back 46

Fast and Slow

Front 47

Fast motor units

Back 47

rapid contract and fatigue, white fibers

Front 48

slow motor units

Back 48

slow to contract and fatigue, dark fibers

Front 49

three major sources of input in the ventral horn, to an alpha motor neuron

Back 49

sensory info from muscle spindles

upper motor neurons in motor cortex/brain stem

interneurons in the spinal cord

Front 50

Where are motor neurons controlling somatic muscles located?

Back 50

the ventral horns of the spinal cord

Front 51

located between the muscle and the tendon, provides info about muscle tensions

Back 51

golgi tendon organs

Front 52

stretch receptors that provide information about muscle length

Back 52

muscle spindles

Front 53

involves the degeneration or loss of alpha motor neurons

Back 53

ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Front 54

involves muscle degeneration over time due to a defective gene that codes for the protein

dystrophin

Back 54

muscular dystrophy

Front 55

an autoimmune disease that involves the

production of antibodies that bind to the

body's own nicotinic ACh receptors, interfering with normal neuromuscular transmission

Back 55

Myasthenia Gravis