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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_________ is the conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment.
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SENSATION
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_________ is the conscious interpretation of sensation performed mainly by the cerebral cortex. |
PERCEPTION
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Each type of sensation is called a _________. This includes touch, pain, vision, and hearing.
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SENSORY MODALITY
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Sensory modalities are grouped into either ____ or _______.
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GENERAL SENSES OR SPECIAL SENSES.
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What general senses are included in somatic senses?
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TACTILE, THERMAL, PROPRIOCEPTIVE. |
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What general senses are included in visceral senses? |
PRESSURE, CHEMICAL, STRETCH, NAUSEA, HUNGER, TEMPERAURE. |
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What are the special senses?
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SMELL, TASTE, VISION, HEARING, AND EQUALIBRIUM.
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_________ are used to detect pain, temperature, tickle, itch and some touch.
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FREE NERVE ENDINGS
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__________ are used to detect pressure, vibration, and some touch. |
ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS
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Sensory receptors for some special senses include ________________ in taste buds, ________ in the retina of the eye, and ______ in the inner ear for hearing. |
GUATORY RECEPETOR CELLS, PHOTORECEPTORS, AND HAIR CELLS. |
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_______ monitor the body's internal environment. A- Interoreceptors B- Proprioceptors |
A- INTERORECEPTORS
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______ provide information about body position, muscle length, and tension and he position and movement of joints. A- Interoreceptors B- Proprioceptors |
B- PROPRIOCEPTORS
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_______ sensation include tactile, thermal, pain, and proprioceptive. A- Tactile B- Somatic |
B- SOMATIC |
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_____ sensation includes tough, pressure, vibration, itch, and tickle. A- Tactile B- Somatic |
A- TACTILE
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What are the two types of pain?
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FAST AND SLOW
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________ describes acute, sharp or prickling pain.
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FAST PAIN
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_______ describes chronic, burning, aching, or throbbing pain.
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SLOW PAIN
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___________ effects skeletal muscles, joint, tendons, and fascia. |
DEEP SOMATIC PAIN |
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Stimulation of pain sensors in visceral organs is __________. This type or pain usually presents in or just deep to the skin that overlies the stimulated organ.
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VISCERAL PAIN
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_________ is the recognition of position of body parts. |
PROPRIOCEPTION
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_________ are located in muscles and tendons.
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PROPIOCEPTORS
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What are the two types of proprioceptors?
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MUSCLE SPINDLES AND TENDON ORGANS
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_______ are in skeletal muscles and monitor their length and involved in stretch reflexes.
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MUSCLE SPINDLES
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________ are lot a tendon and a muscle protect muscle protect muscles and tendons from damage due to overstretching.
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TENDON ORGANS
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_____________ exit within and around the joint capsule of synovial joints. Thy respond t pressure and acceleration and deceleration during movement. Joint ligaments contain receptors to protect against excessive strain.
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JOINT KINESTHETIC RECEPTORS
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Somatic sensory impulses ascend to the cerebral cortex along what three general pathways?
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1- THE POSTERIOS COLUMN-MEDIAL LEMNISCUS PATHWAY 2- THE ANTEROLATERAL (SPINOTHALAMIC) PATHWAY 3- THE TREGEMINOTHALAMIC PATHWAY. |
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The _____________ conducts impulses for pain, temperature, itch, tickles, and posterior head. A- The posterior column-medial lemniscus B- The anterolateral (spinothalamic) pathway C- The trigeminothalamic pathway |
B- THE ANEROLATERAL (SPINOTHALAMIC) PATHWAY |
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The _______ conducts impulses from the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head. A- The posterior column-medial lemniscuses B- The anterolateral (spinothalamic) pathway C- The trigeminothalamic pathway |
A- THE POSTERIOR COLUMN-MEDIAL LEMNISCUS PATHWAY |
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The ______ conducts impulses for most somatic sensations (tactile, thermal, and pain) from the face, nasal cavity, oral cavity, and teeth. A- The posterior column-medial lemniscus B- The anterolateral (spinothalamic) pathway C- The trigeminothalamic pathway |
C- THE TRIGMINOTHALAMIC PATHWAY
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Somatic sensory impulses reach the cerebellum via the ____________.
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SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACTS
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_________ are located on both parietal lobes of the brain are the sites for the primary somatosensory area. |
POSTCENTRAL GYRI
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In somatic sensory pathways, each region in this area receives sensory input from different part of the body on the ________ of the body.
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OPPOSITE SIDE
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The _________ and the _________ carry proprioceptive impulses to the cerebellum. |
POSTERIOR SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT AND THE ANTERIOR SPINOCEREBELLAR
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In somatic motor pathways that extend out of the brain stem and spinal cord are called _____________. These nerves innervate skeletal muscles of the face and head through cranial nerves, and skeletal muscles of the limb and trunk through spinal nerves.
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LOWER MOTOR NEURONS
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In a somatic motor pathway, there are two direct motor pathways used for voluntary movement. These are the two ____________ and the ____________.
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CORTICOSPINAL PATHWAYS AND THE CORTICOBULBAR PATHWAY |
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What two tracts are in the corticospinal pathways? |
THE LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT AND THE ANTERIOR CORTICOSPINAL TRACT. |
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Name the 5 indirect motor pathways (extrapyramidal pathways): |
1- RUBROSPINAL 2- TECTOSPINAL 3- VESTIBULOSPINAL 4- LATERAL RETICULOSPINAL 5- MEDIAL RETICULOSPINAL TRACTS |
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The blank performs these 4 activities? 1- Monitoring intentions for movement 2- Monitoring actual movement 3- Comparing command signals with sensory information 4- Sending out corrective feedback |
CEREBELLUM |
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Wakefulness and sleep relies on the ___________.
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RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM (RAS) |
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___________ includes immediate, short-term, and long-term memory. |
LEARNING AND MEMORY
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