Chapter 16 Sensory, Motor, And Integrative Systems

Front 1

-is any stimuli about which the body is aware.

Back 1

sensation

Front 2

Sensation is necessary to monitor ______ and ______ world to maintain homeostasis.

Back 2

internal and external

Front 3

Sensation can occur while a person is ______ or _______.

Back 3

conscious or unconscious

Front 4

-is the conscious awareness and interpretation of sensation.

Back 4

Perception

Front 5

Perceptions involve precise _______ and _______ of a sensation.

Back 5

localization and indentification

Front 6

Memories of perceptions are stored in the _____________.

Back 6

Cerebral cortex

Front 7

-is a type of sensation.

Back 7

Modalities

Front 8

-type of sensory modalitiy is ____________ and general visceral senses--- sensations from the skin and body that you perceive. (touch)

Back 8

General somatic senses

Front 9

-type of sensory modalitiy is _________ senses--- smell, taste, hearing, vision, and balance.

Back 9

Special senses

Front 10

A _______ is a change in the enviroment that can activate certain sensory receptors.

Back 10

stimulus

Front 11

How are sensory receptors classified?

Back 11

by location

Front 12

______-receptors are found near the surface of the body. They receive external stimuli and are responsible for hearing, vision, smell, taste, touch, pressure, pain, vibration, and temp.

Back 12

Exteroceptor

Front 13

______-receptors monitor internal enviroment (blood vessels or viscera) The information from these receptors is not consciously interpreted except for pain or pressure.

Back 13

Interoceptors

Front 14

______-receptors sense the body position and movement and are located in the muscles, tendones, joints, and internal ear.

Back 14

Proprioceptors

Front 15

How are sensory receptors classified?

Back 15

by stimuli detected

Front 16

__________ are receptors that detect pressure or stretch, touch, vibration, hearing, propriception, equilbrium, and blood pressure.

Back 16

mechanoreceptors

Front 17

__________ are receptors that detect temperature.

Back 17

Thermoreceptors

Front 18

__________ are receptors that detect damage to tissues and pain.

Back 18

Nociceptors

Front 19

__________ are receptors that detect light.

Back 19

Photoreceptor

Front 20

__________ are receptors that detect molecules and are responsible for taste, smell, and changes in body fluid chemistry.

Back 20

Chemoreceptors

Front 21

Sensory __________ occurs when the generator potential or receptor potential decreases in amplitude during a maintained, constant stimulus. In other word, when you are exposed to something for a long time you get used to it. Olfactory fatigue occurs when you are exposed to a smell for a while and it disappears. You really just got used to it.

Back 21

Sensory Adaption

Front 22

There are _____ order of somatic sensory pathways

Back 22

three

Front 23

somatic sensory pathways _____ order neuron- conducts impulses to the brainstem or spinal cord.

Back 23

1st order neuron

Front 24

somatic sensory pathways _____order neuron-conducts impulses from the spinal cord or brainstem to the thalamus. The impulse crosses over to the opposite side before reaching the thalamus.

Back 24

2nd order neuron

Front 25

somatic sensory pathways _______ order neuron- conducts impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory cortex(postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe)

Back 25

3rd order neuron

Front 26

-are sensations of touch, pressure, vibration, itch, and tickle

Back 26

Tactile

Front 27

Sensations are detected by various _____.

Back 27

receptors

Front 28

Tactile receptors in the skin or subcutaneous layer include;

Back 28

meissner corpuscle
hair root plexuses
merkel disc
ruffini corpuscle

Front 29

Tactile recptors _____ _____ are found in hairless skin.(fingers and palms) and responsible for discriminative touch.

Back 29

Meissner corpuscles

Front 30

Tactile recptors _____ ____ are found in hairy skin and are responsible for detecting anything that moves hair.

Back 30

Hair root plexuses

Front 31

Tactile recptors _____ _____ detect internal stretching. (movements of limbs)

Back 31

Ruffini corpuscle

Front 32

Tactile recptors ____ ____ detect vibrations.

Back 32

lamellated corpuscle

Front 33

_____ pain occurs within one second. Impulses are carried on myelinated fibers. (Needle puncture or knife cut)

Back 33

Fast pain

Front 34

____ pain begins a second or more agter the stimulus is applied. Impulses are carried on unmyelinated fibers. (toothache)

Back 34

Slow pain

Front 35

______ pain may be felt in an area far away from the stimulated organ. (Hurting in left arm with a heart attack)

Back 35

Referred pain

Front 36

__________ sensation occurs when a patienthas had a limb amputated and they still experience itching, pressure, tingling or pain as if the limb were still there. This could be due to the impulses being sent from the proximal portions of the neurons that are still there or areas of the brain that recieved impulses from the limb are still active.

Back 36

Phantom Limb

Front 37

Spinal cord injury- damaged by tumor, heriated disc, clot, or trauma. A complete ________ of the cord occurs when the cord is severed resulting in loss of both sensation and movement below the injury.

Back 37

transection

Front 38

_________ is paralysis of one limb.

Back 38

Monoplegia

Front 39

________ is paralysis of both upper or both lower limbs.

Back 39

Deplegia

Front 40

________ is paralysis of all four limbs.

Back 40

Quadriplegia

Front 41

______ is paralysis of one side.

Back 41

Hemiplegia

Front 42

Spinal _____ is loss of reflex function and results in slow heart rate, low blood pressure, and bladder problems, but reflexes may gradually return.

Back 42

shock

Front 43

_______ ______ loss of motor control and coordination. It is caused by damage to motor areas of the brain due to infection of pregnant women with rubella virus, ratiation of the fetus or temporary lack of oxygen during birth. It is not a progressive disease, but it is irreversible.

Back 43

Cerebral palsy