Ch.12 (Endocrine System) A&p Vocab

Front 1

the development into overly large size because of excessive production of growth hormone, also called gigantism

Back 1

acromegaly

Front 2

acute adrenocortical insufficiency

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Addisonian crisis

Front 3

one of the two portions of the pituitary gland, it produces hormones that are not neurohormones; also called the anterior pituitary lobe

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adenohypophysis

Front 4

the outer layer of the adrenal gland, it produces hormones that are important in regulating the water and salt balance of the body

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adrenal cortex

Front 5

glands located on top of each kidney that produce and secrete certain sex hormones, as well as other hormones that are vital to maintaining the body's water and salt balance, also called suprarenal glands

Back 5

adrenal glands

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hormone produced by the adrenal glands that mediates the "fight or flight" response of the sympathetic nervous system, also called epinephrine

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adrenaline

Front 7

one of the several molecules derived from a common precursor, proopiomeloanocortin, that is essential for development of the cortex of the adrenal gland and its secretion of corticosteroids

Back 7

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 8

hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that is important in the regulation of water and salt balance in the body

Back 8

aldosterone

Front 9

cells located in the islet cells of Langerhans that secrete glucagon

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alpha cells

Front 10

synthetic androgens used to increase muscle mass

Back 10

anabolic steroids

Front 11

male sex hormone

Back 11

androgens

Front 12

a steroid sex hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, testes and ovaries

Back 12

androstenedione

Front 13

one of the two portions of the pituitary gland, it produces hormones that are not neurohormones, also called the adenohypophysis

Back 13

anterior pituitary lobe

Front 14

a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe of the pituitary gland, it constricts blood vessels and raises the blood pressure, also called vasopressin

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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Front 15

cells located in the islets of Langerhans that secrete insulin

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beta cells

Front 16

proteins that have the same effect as opiate drugs such as morphine

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beta-endorphins

Front 17

a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that is important in the regulation of calcium levels in the body

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calcitonin

Front 18

a condition that results in excess secretion of aldosterone, most commonly caused by a benign tumor

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Conn's syndrome

Front 19

any of several steroids secreted by the adrenal gland

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corticosteroids

Front 20

the most important corticosteroid secreted by the zona fasciculata, it has many effects on the body

Back 20

cortisol

Front 21

a disorder caused by excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal glands resulting in obesity, abnormal hair growth, high blood pressure, emotional disturbances, and the so called "moonface"

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Cushing's syndrome

Front 22

a disorder of the pituitary gland that results in large volumes of dilute urine

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diabetes insipidus

Front 23

a condition that results from impaired production of insulin by the pancreas

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diabetes mellitus

Front 24

stunted growth due to deficiency of growth hormone

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dwarfism

Front 25

glands that empty secretions )hormones) directly into the blood

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endocrine glands

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a system of glands located throughout the body that secrete hormones that regulate many body functions, including growth, reproduction, temperature, metabolism, and blood pressure

Back 26

endocrine system

Front 27

hormone produced by the adrenal glands that mediates the "fight or flight" response in the sympathetic nervous system, also called adrenaline

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epinephrine

Front 28

produced by the ovaries, one of the three major female hormone

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estrogen

Front 29

glands that empty their products through ducts, usually onto epithelial surfaces

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exocrine glands

Front 30

abnormal protrusion of the eye resulting from hyperthyroidism

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exophthalmos

Front 31

the concept that once the desire effect of a hormone has been achieved, further production of the hormone is inhibited until it is needed again, also referred to as negative feed back

Back 31

feedback inhibition

Front 32

small cavity glands within the thyroid gland that contain thyroglobulin

Back 32

follicles

Front 33

hormone that regulates the production of both eggs and sperm, as well as production of reproductive hormones

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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Front 34

development into overly large size because of excessive growth hormone, also called acromegaly

Back 34

gigantism

Front 35

a cell, group of cells, or an organ that selectively removes, concentrates, or alters materials in the blood and secretes them back into the body

Back 35

glands

Front 36

hormone produced by the pancreas that is vital to the control of the body's metabolism and blood sugar level

Back 36

glucagon

Front 37

hormones secreted by the zona fasciculata that play an important role in metabolism and inhibit inflammation

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glucocorticoids

Front 38

a process that stimulates both the liver and the kidneys to produce glucose from non carbohydrate molecules

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gluconeogenesis

Front 39

a long polymer from which glucose is converted in the liver

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glycogen

Front 40

an enlarged thyroid gland

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goiter

Front 41

a hormone released by the hypothalamus that influences the release of Lh and FSH

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gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Front 42

the reproductive glands

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gonads

Front 43

hormone that stimulates growth in most tissues, especially of long bones in the extremities, also called somatotropin

Back 43

growth hormone (GH)

Front 44

a hormone released by the hypothalamus that inhibits the secretion of growth hormone, also called somatostatin

Back 44

growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone

Front 45

a hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates secretion of growth hormone

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growth hormone-releasing hormone

Front 46

an enzyme that is activated by glucagon, it breaks triglycerides down into fatty acids and glycerol

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hormone sensitive lipase

Front 47

proteins secreted by glands to regulate body functions

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hormones

Front 48

one of three major female hormones; it is produced by a developing embryo after conception

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human chorionic gonadotropin (hCH)

Front 49

condition that results in loss of calcium from the bones, as well as increases in serum calcium levels, caused by excess secretion of parathyroid hormones

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hyperparathyroidism

Front 50

overactivity of the thyroid gland, which results in increased metabolic rates, weight loss, rapid heart rate, elevated blood pressure, diarrhea, and abnormal posturing of the eyes

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hyperthyroidism

Front 51

potentially life-threatening low blood calcium levels resulting from loss of parathyroid function

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hypocalcemia

Front 52

the gland that secretes hormones that regulate the function of many other glands in the body, also called the pituitary gland

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hypophysis

Front 53

the interactions of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

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hypothalamic-pituitary axis

Front 54

a complex set of interactions that regulates the secretions of corticosteroids

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hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

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a specialized set of blood vessels that carry releasing factors from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary lobe

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hypothalamohypophyseal portal system

Front 56

the basal part of the diencephalon, it regulates the function of the pituitary gland

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hypothalamus

Front 57

the stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

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infundibulum

Front 58

compounds that travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland in a specialized set of blood vessels, also called releasing factors

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inhibiting factors

Front 59

hormone produced by the pancreas that is vital in the control of the body's metabolism and blood sugar level

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insulin

Front 60

a specialized group of cells in the pancreas where insulin and glucagon are produced

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islets of Langerhans

Front 61

a narrow band of tissue that connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland

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isthmus

Front 62

hormone that regulates the production of both eggs and sperm, as well as production of reproductive hormones

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luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 63

the inner portion of the adrenal glands, which produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

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medulla

Front 64

hormones produced in the zona glomerulosa that are important in the regulation of water and salt balance in the body

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mineralocorticoids

Front 65

the concept that once the desired effect of a hormone has been achieved, further production of the hormone is inhibited until it is needed again, also called feedback inhibition

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negative feedback

Front 66

hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe

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neurohormones

Front 67

one of the two portions of the pituitary gland; it is an extension of the central nervous system and secretes hormones called neurohormones, also called the posterior pituitary lobe

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neurohypophysis

Front 68

hormone produced by the adrenal glands that is vital in the function of the sympathetic nervous system

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norepinephrine

Front 69

specialized neurons in the brain that regulate the secretion of ADH

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osmoreceptors

Front 70

the female reproductive glands

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ovaries

Front 71

a hormone that causes the smooth muscles of the pregnant uterus to contract and milk to be released from the breasts of lactating women

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oxytocin

Front 72

an organ of both the endocrine and digestive system, it produces the hormones insulin and glucagon

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pancreas

Front 73

cells located between the follicles in the thyroid gland that produce the hormone calcitonin

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parafollicular cells

Front 74

four glands that are embedded in the posterior portion of each lobe of the thyroid, they produce and secrete parathyroid hormone

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parathyroid glands

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the gland that secretes hormones that regulate the function of many other glands in the body, also called hypophysis

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pituitary gland

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the concept that once the desired effect of a hormone has been achieved, production of the hormone is continued

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positive feedback

Front 77

one of the two portions of the pituitary gland, it is an extension of the central nervous system and produces hormones called neurohormones, also called the neurohypophysis

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posterior pituitary lobe

Front 78

produced by the ovaries, it is one of three major female hormones

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progesterone

Front 79

hormone that plays an important role in milk production in women

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prolactin

Front 80

hormones released by the hypothalamus that influence inhibition of prolactin

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prolactin-inhibiting hormones

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hormones released by the hypothalamus that influence the release of prolactin

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prolactin-releasing hormones

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a group of hormone-like fatty acids that are produced in many body tissues, including the uterus, brain and kidneys

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prostaglandins

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compounds that travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland in a specialized set of blood vessels, also called inhibiting factors

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releasing factors

Front 84

the space behind the peritoneum

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retroperitoneum

Front 85

proteins produced in the liver, skeletal muscle, and other tissues that are stimulated by growth hormone

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somatomedins

Front 86

a hormone released by the hypothalamus that inhibits the secretion of growth hormone also called growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone

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somatostatin

Front 87

hormone that stimulates growth in many tissues, especially long bones in the extremities, also called growth hormone

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somatotropin

Front 88

the male reproductive organs

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testes

Front 89

the major androgen produced by the testes

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testosterone

Front 90

painful muscle spasms that result from a low blood calcium level

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tetany

Front 91

one of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland, it is essential for normal growth development in children, as well as regulation of body metabolism

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tetraiodothyronine (T4)

Front 92

a protein to which thyroid hormones are bound

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thyroglobulin

Front 93

a large endocrine gland that is located at the base of the neck and produces and excretes hormones that influence growth, development and metabolism

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thyroid gland

Front 94

hormone that controls the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland, also called thyrotropin

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thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Front 95

hormone that controls the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland, also called thyroid-stimulating hormone

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thyrotropin

Front 96

a protein synthesized in the liver that binds to hormones T3 and T4

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thyroxine-binding globulin

Front 97

one of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland, it is essential for normal growth and development in children, as well as regulation of body metabolism

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triiodothyronine (T3)

Front 98

a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe of the pituitary gland, it constricts blood vessels and raised blood pressure, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Back 98

vasopressin

Front 99

one of three divisions of the adrenal cortex, it produces corticosteroids

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zona fasciculata

Front 100

one of three divisions of the adrenal cortex, it produces mineralocorticoids

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zona glomerulosa

Front 101

one of three divisions of the adrenal cortex, it secretes relatively weak male sex hormones, or androgens

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zona reticularis