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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is selective attention?
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focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
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How is selective attention demonstrated by the cocktail party effect?
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You can hear your name amongst everything that people in the back are saying.
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What is change blindness?
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A person viewing a visual scene apparently fails to detect large changes in the scene.
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What is change deafness?
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People focused on repeating a list of sometimes challenging words failed to notice a change in the person speaking
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What is choice blindness?
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Subjects fail to detect conspicuous mismatches between their intended (and expected) choice and the actual outcome.
2 cards, two face changes. |
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What is the necker cube?
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Front and back change with continued viewing
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What is figure-ground?
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The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)
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What does the Gestalt notion that "the whole is more (or different) than the sum of its parts" mean?
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whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
a soap bubble, whose spherical shape is not defined by a rigid template, or a mathematical formula, but rather it emerges spontaneously by the parallel action of surface tension acting at all points in the surface simultaneously |
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What is the Gestalt principle of proximity? similarity? continuity? closure?
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Proximity: We group nearby figures together
Similarity: We group similar figures together Continuity: We perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones. Closure: We fill in gaps to create a complete, whole objects. |
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What are binocular cues to depth perception? (e.g. retinal disparity, convergence)?
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Binocular cues require two eyes.
Retinal disparity: by comparing the different images from the two eyes, the brain computes distances. Greater difference = closer the object. Convergence - extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The closer the object, the more convergence. |
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What are monocular cues? (e.g., relative size, interposition, relative clarity, relative height linear perspective, brightness, shading)
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Monocular cues only require one eye
Relative size: the closer an object the bigger it appears. Interposition: If an object partially blocks out view of another, we perceive it as closer. Relative clarity: hazy objects appear farther away than share, clear object. Relative height: We perceive object, higher in our field of vision as farther away. Linear perspective: Parallel lines appear to converge with distance. Shading: the visual system assumes light comes from above |
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What is the phi phenomenon?
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an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession
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What is perceptual constancy?
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Perceiving objects as unchanging even as the retinal image changes.
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What is Perceptual Set?
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a mental predisposition to perceive 1 thing and not the other.
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What can people who have had their vision restored after many years perceive?
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trouble identifying shape and distances.
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What is perceptual adaptation?
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the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or inverted visual field.
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What is extra sensory perception?
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the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input. Said to include telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition.
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What is telepathy?
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mind to mind communication
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What is clairvoyance?
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perceiving remote events
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Precognition
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perceiving future events
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Psychokinesis
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mind affecting matter
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What is the ganzfeld procedure?
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It uses homogeneous and un-patterned sensory stimulation to produce an effect similar to sensory deprivation.
a random hit procedure of 34% showed instead of expected 25% |
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What is the judgment of the majority of psychologists about ESP?
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There is no reliable evidence that anyone has ESP
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