Cell Biology Lecture 19

Front 1

Golgi apparatus

Back 1

golgi forms stacks of membrane compartments, except in fungi

Front 2

cisterna

Back 2

layers of golgi apparatus

Front 3

cis golgi network

Back 3

receives vesicles from ER

Front 4

trans golgi network

Back 4

forms vesicles that are extracellularly bound or go to other parts of the cell

Front 5

Vesicle movement in golgi

Back 5

cis to trans

Front 6

Golgi apparatus modifications

Back 6

-final protein and lipid modification occurs in stages in the different cisterna
-each cisterna contains specific enzymes for each stage of modification

Front 7

Golgi apparatus structure

Back 7

-visit each stack in order, get modified based on stack
-changes in vesicle depend on protein present
-tethering allows transport between golgi cisternes (vesicles)

Front 8

Secretion

Back 8

Front 9

Constitutive secretion

Back 9

cell makes, modifies and secretes a protein as a part of 'normal' cell function. "unregulated" (initiated by cell)

Front 10

Regulated secretion

Back 10

something outside cell sends signal to cell to secrete something

Front 11

Example of regulated secretion

Back 11

Secretion of insulin by beta cells of pancreas
-extracellular signal triggers the fusion of the secretory vesicle and the release of insulin
-high levels of glucose is trigger

Front 12

Kinesin

Back 12

walks vesicles along microtubules
without it, vesicles could not transport from golgi to other areas of cell

Front 13

Endocytosis

Back 13

-cellular uptake of ion and/or molecules via vesicles
-need cargo and cargo receptors

Front 14

Pinocytosis

Back 14

form of endocytosis; bringing in water and very small ions

Front 15

Selective (regulated) endocytosis

Back 15

ex: receptor-mediated cholesterol uptake
-large amounts of cholesterol (packaged in low-density lipoprotein LDL)) are taken up by mammalian cell

Front 16

Endosome

Back 16

receives all vesicles for sorting
-has receptors inside

Front 17

lysosome

Back 17

contains hydrolytic enzymes, breaks up proteins

-gets enzymes from golgi
-fate of endocytic vesicles
-site of intracellular digestion
-optimal function at pH~5
-receives materials from phagocytosis from within the cell

Front 18

Selective endocytosis pathway

Back 18

Front 19

Types of endocytosis

Back 19

-pinocytosis
-phagocytosis (engulfing solid particles)

-both go to lysosome to be degraded

Front 20

autophagy

Back 20

cell kills parts of itself and sends it to lysosome

Front 21

Paths to lysosome

Back 21

Front 22

Lysosome

Back 22