Businss Ethics - Moral Philosphy - Chaprter 6

Front 1

Teleology

Back 1

Acts are morally right or acceptable if they produce some desired result such as realization of self interest or utility. Knowledge, career, growth, pleasure

Front 2

Consequentialism

Back 2

Assess moral worth by looking at the consequences for the individual (teleology)

Front 3

Egoism

Back 3

Defines right or acceptable based on consequences of the behavior for the individual. Believe that individual makes decisions that maximize their self interest. 2 Sub categories - hedonism and enlighted egoists

Front 4

Utilitarianism

Back 4

(like egoists) concerned with consequences but seeks the choice with the greatest good for most people.
Base decisions on cost benefit analysis of all parties
Perform systematic comparison to calculate greatest ulity for all those affected. i.e., researcher who uses live animals in experiments

Front 5

Rule Utilitarian

Back 5

Base decisions on pre-set rules that were designed to create the greatest good for the greatest number of parties and apply it to all situations. i.e. bribery is always bad

Front 6

Act Utilitarian

Back 6

look at each act or situation to see what the greatest good is rather than the general rules governing it to access whether it will result in the greatest good. i.e., bribery, capital punishment, abortion

Front 7

Deontology

Back 7

(greek for ethics) Focuses on the means not the end result. Refers to moral philosophy that focuses on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular action rather than the consequences from that action. Fundamental respect must be given to all.

Denontolists argue that some things that should or should not be done to maximize utility (Immanuel Kant) which is a difference from utilitarians. Deon.. believe individuals have certain absolute rights, freedom of conscience, consent, privacy, speech

Front 8

Non-consequentialists

Back 8

Deontologiests who do not consider the consequences of actions but only on the greater good for the most people

Front 9

Rule Deontology

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use reason and logic to formulate rules for acceptable behavior and expect universal conformity to determine ethicalness. Acceptable behavior is determined b the relationship between the basic rights of the individual and a set of rules governing conduct (Golden Rule)

Front 10

Act Deontology

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Believe that actions are the proper basis on which to judge morality or ethicalness It requires a person to use equity/fairness/impartiality when making and enforcing decisions. They regard the particular act or moment in time as taking precedence over any rules

Front 11

Relativist Perspective

Back 11

It is the group or society's consensus (group think). It does not focus on ends, means, or consequences. The relativist perspective determines ethical behavior subjectively from the experiences of the individual or group. They use themselves or the people around them as their basis for defining ethical standards. 3 sub-groups

Front 12

Descriptive Relativism

Back 12

Focuses on observing individual cultures. They argue there is no objective way of resolving ethical disputes between value systems and individuals

Front 13

Meta ethical relativism

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One's cultural moral philosophy cannot logically be preferred over another because there is no meaningful basis for comparison. They argue their is no objective way of resolving ethical disputes between value systems and individuals

Front 14

Normative Relativism

Back 14

At the individual level of reasoning normative relativists believe no one person's opion is better than any other persons

Front 15

Virtue Ethics

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It is applied indsutively and assumes that what current moral rules require may indeed be the minim for the beginning of virtue. Virtue Ethics says that what is moral in a given situation is not only required by conventional morality or current social definitions but also what a person of good moral character would do

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Moral Philosophy

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Specific principles or rules that people use to decide what is right or wrong

Front 17

Economic Value Orientation

Back 17

concept that values can be quantified by money. If an act produces more value than its effort costs, then it should be accepted as ethical

Front 18

Idealism

Back 18

places special value on ideas and ideals as products of the mind

Front 19

Realism

Back 19

the view that an external world exists independent of our perception of it

Front 20

Goodness

Back 20

Instrumental and Intrinsic.
2 concepts:
- monism
- pluralism

Front 21

Monists

Back 21

Believe that one one thing is intrinsically good (i.e., hedonism)

Front 22

Hedonism

Back 22

One's pleasure is the ultimate intrinsic good or moral end

Front 23

Quantitative Hedonists

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Those who believe the more pleasure the better

Front 24

Qualitative Hedonists

Back 24

believe it's possible to get to much of a good thing

Front 25

Pluralists

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believe that no ONE thing is intrinsically good. All are non-hedonists

Front 26

Instrumentalists

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sometimes call pragmatists. Reject the idea that
- Ends can be separated from the means
- Ends, purposes, or outcomes are intrinsically good in and of themselves

Front 27

Goodness theories

Back 27

typically focus on the end result of actions and the goodness or happiness created by them

Front 28

Obligation Theories

Back 28

emphasize the means and motives by which actions are justified.
Teleology and Deontology are obligation theories

Front 29

Enlightened Egoists

Back 29

take a long range perspective and allow for the well being of others although their own self interest remains paramount

Front 30

Act as if the maxim of thy action were to become by ty will a universal law of nature

Back 30

Categorical Imperative
Immanuel Kant
Deontology

Front 31

Absolute Rights

Back 31

Deontology
- freedom of conscience
- freedom of consent
- freedom of privacy
- freedom of speech
- due process