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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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NON CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS |
● RICE HUSK ● SAWDUST ● COGON GRASS ● NIPA ● BAMBOO ● EARTH ● SEA WEED ● TURF ● ALGAE ● ANIMAL MANURE ● VEGETABLE FIBERS ● ABACCA ● PINEAPPLE ● COCONUT HUSKS |
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RICE HUSK |
are the hard protecting coverings of grains of rice. In addition to protecting rice during the growing season, rice hulls can be put to use as building material, fertilizer, insulation material, or fuel. |
● HEAT INSULATOR ● SOUND INSULATOR |
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RICE HUSK ASH |
IS A GREEN SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL THAT HAS APPLICATIONS IN SMALL TO LARGE SCALE. IT CAN BE USED FOR WATERPROOFING. IT IS ALSO USED AS THE ADMIXTURE TO MAKE THE CONCRETE RESISTANT AGAINST CHEMICAL PENETRATION.
☆APPLICATIONS OF RICE HUSK ASH : ● HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE ● INSULATOR ● GREEN CONCRETE ● BATHROOM FLOORS ● INDUSTRIAL FACTORY FLOORINGS ● CONCRETING THE FOUNDATION ● SWIMMING POOLS ● WATERPROOFING AND REHABILITATION |
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SAWDUST |
It is a by-product or waste product of woodworking operations such as sawing, milling, planing, routing, drilling and sanding. It is composed of fine particles of wood. |
● HEAT INSULATOR ● SOUND INSULATOR |
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COGON GRASS |
a perennial, rhizomatous grass of Asian origin, used for thatching and as a packing material; identified as a noxious weed in much of the southeastern US. |
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NIPA |
a palm tree with creeping roots, characteristic of mangrove swamps in India and the Pacific islands. |
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BAMBOO |
a giant woody grass that grows chiefly in the tropics, where it is widely cultivated. the hollow jointed stem of the this plant, used as a cane or to make furniture and implements.
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EARTH |
is one of the most abundant, basic buildingmaterials. It is low technology, easily worked with simple tools, and yet can be used by anyone to construct walls, floors and roofs of advanced architectural design. |
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SEAWEED |
large algae growing in the sea or on rocks below the high-water mark. |
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TURF |
grass and the surface layer of earth held together by its roots. |
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ALGAE |
a simple, nonflowering, and typically aquatic plant of a large group that includes the seaweeds and many single-celled forms. It contain chlorophyll but lack true stems, roots, leaves, and vascular tissue. |
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ANIMAL MANURE |
is organic matter, mostly derived from animal feces except in the case of green manure, which can be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. |
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VEGETABLE FIBERS |
are generally based on arrangements of cellulose, often with lignin: examples include cotton, hemp, jute, flax, ramie, sisal, bagasse, and banana. |
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ABACA |
a large herbaceous Philippine plant of the banana family that yields Manila hemp. |
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PINEAPPLE |
a large juicy tropical fruit consisting of aromatic edible yellow flesh surrounded by a tough segmented skin and topped with a tuft of stiff leaves. |
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COCONUT HUSKS |
is a natural fibre extracted from the husk of coconut and used in products such as floor mats, doormats, brushes and mattresses. Coir is the fibrous material found between the hard, internal shell and the outer coat of a coconut. |
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VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE |
IT IS ARCHITECTURE WITHOUT ARCHITECTS. IT IS THE PURE RESPONSE TO A PARTICULAR PERSON'S OR SOCIETY'S BUILDING NEEDS. IT FULFILLS THESE NEEDS BECAUSE IT IS CRAFTED BY THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY IT IS IN. IN ADDITION THE BUILDING METHODS ARE TESTED THROUGH TRIAL - AND - ERROR BY THE SOCIETY OF WHICH THEY ARE BUILT UNTIL THEIR BUILDING METHODS NEAR AND ARE TAILORED TO THE CLIMATIC, AESTHETIC, FUNCTIONAL, AND SOCIOLOGICAL NEEDS OF THEIR GIVEN SOCIETY. BECAUSE THE PERSON CONSTRUCTING THE STRUCTURE TENDS TO BE THE PERSON WHO WILL BE USING IT, THE ARCHITECTURE WILL BE PERFECTLY TAILORED TO THAT INDIVIDUAL'S PARTICULAR WANTS AND NEEDS. |
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FOUNDATION PILES |
are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth. |
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SETTLEMENT |
in a structure refers to the distortion or disruption of parts of a building due to. unequal compression of its foundations; shrinkage, such as that which occurs in timber-framed buildings as the frame adjusts its moisture content; or. undue loads being applied to the building after its initial construction. |
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RECYCLABLE MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION |
● NEWSPAPER WOOD ● NAPPY ROOFING ● RECYCLABLE BLOCKS ● BLOOD BRICKS ● BOTTLE BRICKS ● SMOG INSULATORS ● MUSHROOM WALLS ● PLASPHALT ● WINE CORK PANELS ● BARK SIDING ● RECYCLED GLASS TILE ● ASHCRETE ● RECYCLED STEEL ● RECYCLED PLASTIC BUILDING BLOCKS ● RECYCLED POROUS PAVEMENT ● ENVIROBOARDS |
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NEWSPAPER WOOD |
The Dutch designers/founders of it found that compressing newspaper and glue into many thin layers creates a wood grain texture that works for various home applications. |
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NAPPY ROOFING |
is the first diaper recycling company that’ll turn “nappies” and other personal hygiene products into useful plastic materials, roofing tiles being one of them. Knowaste started in North America but is operating out of the UK, where most of this groundbreaking action is happening. |
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RECYCLABLE BLOCKS |
These colourful bricks are made from old plastic bags, which are notoriously difficult to recycle in any other way. Recycled bags or plastic packaging are placed in a heat mold, and forced together to form the blocks. They're too lightweight to act as load-bearing walls, but can be used to divide up rooms or outdoor areas. |
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BLOOD BRICKS |
British architecture student Jack Munro proposes using freeze-dried blood (which comes as a a powder), mixed with sand to form a paste; this can then be cast as bricks. This could be especially useful in remote communities, where blood from animal slaughter is plentiful, but strong construction materials are thin on the ground. |
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BOTTLE BRICKS |
This proposal is a little different, as it relies on producing a consumer good specifically so it can later be used as a building material. Lots of companies now make bottles in cuboid or other tesselative shapes, to make them easier to transport. |
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SMOG INSULATORS |
Dustyrelief", a system created by the City of Bangkok and design firm New-Territories, involves placing an electrically charged metal mesh over a building, which attracts large smog particles and sticks them together. Eventually, this creates a kind of silvery fur over the building's surface. |
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MUSHROOM WALLS |
If placed in a mold, these organic matters grow to the desired shape within a couple of days, and can then be stopped using a hot oven. This is particularly useful because traditional insulating and packing materials tend to be non-biodegradable, or, in the case of asbestos, poisonous. |
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PLASPHALT |
It is made up of grains of plastic produced from unsorted plastic waste, which replaces the sand and gravel traditionally used in asphalt production. In testing, it was found that its roads were far less vulnerable to wear and tear than traditional asphalt, because the asphalt emulsion bonded better with the plastic than with gravel or sand. |
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WINE CORK PANELS |
These wall or floor tiles are made by combining recycled granulated cork with whole wine corks, which you can see as those oblong shapes in the tiles above. This is a pretty useful idea, considering the world apparently consumes around 31.7bn bottles of wine a year. |
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BARK SIDING |
Its main function is protecting trees from fire, insects, and other elements. It really is the perfect material to protect our homes, naturally. |
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RECYCLED GLASS TILE |
Many of their color options are reminiscent of sea glass and are created from a VOC-free pigmenting process. |
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ASHCRETE |
It is made of ash byproduct from coal combustion and mix it with cement. Using coal fly ash as a partial substitute for Portland cement saves on cement resources, and reduces the amount of fly ash going to the landfill. |
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RECYCLED STEEL |
it’ll all be 100% recyclable at the end of its life (a feat which most building materials can’t match). |
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RECYCLED PLASTIC BUILDING BLOCKS |
Take all of the plastic that we’ve let clog our oceans, parks, and communities, and compress it into building blocks. they’re said to be 95% lower in greenhouse gas emissions compared to concrete blocks. |
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RECYCLED POROUS PAVEMENT |
it helps mitigate storm water runoff and aims to improve water quality. Sustainable by design, it’s considered a Low Impact Development strategy and can contribute to your LEED project. |
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ENVIROBOARDS |
These boards can replace timber products since they can be used in numerous construction projects like wall lining, internal partitions, roof lining, and underlay systems. Its products are supposedly stronger than conventional boards and won’t warp over time due to their water/humidity resistance. |
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ALTERNATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS |
● STRAW BALE ● GRASS CRETE ● HEMPCRETE ● RECYCLED PLASTIC ● WOOD ● RAMMED EARTH ● MYCELIUM ● FERROCK ● TIMBERCRETE ● ROCK ● BAMBOO ● PAPERCRETE ● ADOBE ● SAWDUST |
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STRAW BALE |
Unlike other recycled materials, it can be used in its raw state -requiring no further processing and is quite affordable. By utilizing it , the building will naturally provide very high levels of insulation for climate change. It is a low impact, low carbon building material that has gained more mainstream acceptance by the public. However, areas with extreme humidity and high rainfall may not be the appropriate choice for its construction. |
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GRASS CRETE |
Also known as “Sustainable Urban Drainage”, It is a green alternative to standard concrete surfaces for parking lots, driveway and other access roads giving drainage benefits and improving stormwater absorption. It is beneficial for businesses and developers because it drains at about the same rate (90%) as would an ordinary lawn in the same location. With 47% concrete and 53% holes filled with grass, it will help to form a natural bio-filter to significantly remove pollutants. |
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HEMPCRETE |
Made using the woody, balsa-like interior of the Cannabis sativa plant combined with lime and water, This material provides a natural airtight yet breathable and flexible insulation. It is also mold free and pest resistant as well as nearly fireproof. Considered as a sustainable building material, hemp can be grown and replenished relatively quick. |
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RECYCLED PLASTIC |
It is one of the most energy-efficient materials over their entire life-cycle. The fact being that the typical lifespan of its applications in building and construction is up to 30 to 50 years.
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WOOD |
It is a historic, classic and durable green building material that has a longevity, aesthetics and flair to buildings for thousands of years. Using it as a material in building construction can have significant environmental benefits. Manufacturing it for construction is less energy intensive than other materials, including concrete, steel, cement or glass production with some percentage of recycled material. The finished product also has lower embodied energy. |
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RAMMED EARTH |
Because of the potentially low manufacturing impacts, it has recently become a highlight amongst eco-friendly and sustainable architect for a vernacular green building material for its “Eco Houses”. It provides several advantages such as superior thermal mass, temperature and noise control, strength and durability, low maintenance, fire proofing, load bearing and pest deterrence. In terms of aesthetics, it offers a natural and eco-friendly environmental ambience because of its natural color made by aggregated earth substances.
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MYCELIUM |
A concrete which is capable of organic self-healing, reduces the need for high price repairs. It’s an eco-friendly insulation material that outperforms traditional fiberglass. It will be a major step for biomass green building materials. |
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FERROCK |
A carbon-negative cement alternative which offers a stronger and greener alternative to standard cement manufacturing methods helps reduce a significant amount of carbon emission between fuel burning to running cement mixers and chemical processes. Any structure that is made with it cement will inevitably be longer-lasting and does not need repairs and replacement. The eco-friendly benefits to this green cement list goes on.
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TIMBERCRETE |
A combination between timber waste from various sources and concrete. A green material that is lighter that solid concrete with greater strength and insulating capabilities. This green material provides unique thermal qualities that combine thermal mass and insulation usually turned constructed for eco-housing. It is also bushfire proof, which allows minimal heat transfer and radiation. The other benefit is that this material is very user-friendly, which can be nailed, screwed and sawn easily by anyone.
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ROCK |
It is a great alternative to conventional materials which contain chemicals that may be harmful to people, pets or the environment. It have two great characteristics: good thermal mass and thermal insulation. These characteristics make it a great idea because the temperature in the house stays rather constant thus requiring less air conditioning and other cooling systems. |
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BAMBOO |
Underutilized for many years, it has long been used as a traditional building material and is gaining more spotlight due to its potential for eco-friendly purposes in green construction. It produces more oxygen and absorbs more carbon dioxide, which is very ideal in combating global climate change. Apart from that, it is easily grown and harvested, making it one of the most cost-effective construction materials to date. It is also highly sustainable and give san aesthetic appeal in construction for housing.
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PAPERCRETE |
It is an interesting and very new material that is a good substitute for concrete. It is shredded paper, sand, and cement mixed together that forms a very durable brick-like material. Buildings utilizing it are very well-insulated as well as being termite- and fire-resistant. |
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ADOBE |
is an age-old technique that is cheap, easy to obtain, and ideal for hot environments. A mixture of sand, clay, and water is poured into a mold and left in the sun to dry. When dried, it is exceptionally strong and heat-resistant. It doesn’t let much heat through to the inside of the structure, thus providing excellent insulation during the summer to reduce energy costs. |
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SAWDUST |
It is a good material to combine with clay or cement mixtures and use for walls. These walls turn out surprisingly sturdy and effectively recycle any trees that may need to be excavated from the building area. |
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MATERIALS FROM THE FUTURE |
● TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE ● SENSITILE ● ELECTRIFIED WOOD ● FLEXICOMB ● RICHLITE ● SELF - REPAIRING CONCRETE ● CARBON FIBER ● LIQUID GRANITE ● BENDABLE CONCRETE ● CONCRETE CANVASS ● LOW - E GLASS / FILMS ● TRANSPARENT ALUMINUM ● PAPER INSULATION |
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TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE |
IS MIXED WITH GLASS FIBER OPTICAL STRANDS, WHICH CREATE A SOLID BUT SHEER BLOCK. LITRACON, AS THE CONCRETE IS KNOWN, CAN BE USED IN FLOORING AND PAVEMENT. |
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SENSITILE |
THE CONCRETE OF THE TILES IS EMBEDDED WITH ACRYLIC FIBER-OPTIC CHANNELS THAT TRANSFER LIGHT FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER. AS SHADOWS MOVE ACROSS TERRAZZO'S SURFACE, THE LIGHT CHANNELS FLICKER WITH A RANDOMIZED, TWINKLING EFFECT. IT IS AVAILABLE FOR USES AS FLOORING, IN BATHROOMS AND EVEN CEILINGS. |
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ELECTRIFIED WOOD |
THIS EUROPEAN-DESIGNED MATERIAL INCORPORATES A SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY DIRECTLY INTO TABLES AND CHAIRS. TWO METAL LAYERS ARE PRESSED BETWEEN THE WOOD OF THE FURNITURE, MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO PASS AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT THROUGH THE WHOLE THING. THE 12 - VOLT POWER IS FED TO THE METAL LAYERS VIA ONE CONNECTOR, AND LAMPS, AND OTHER DEVICES CAN BE CONNECTED VIA THE OTHER. |
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FLEXICOMB |
IS A FLEXIBLE HONEYCOMB MATRIX, WHICH CAN BE USED TO BUILD LIGHTING FIXTURES, FURNITURE AND SCULPTURAL INSTALLATIONS. THE MATERIAL IS MADE FROM THOUSANDS OF CLOSELY PACKED POLYPROPYLENE TUBE THAT WILL BEND IN THE CONVEX DIRECTION WHILE REMAINING RIGID IN THE CONCAVE ONE. IT CAN BE USED FOR ANY IMAGINABLE PURPOSE. |
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RICHLITE |
70 % OF THE MATERIAL IS MADE WITH RECYCLED PAPER. THE COUNTERTOPS ARE MADE BY TREATING PAPER WITH A RESIN, AND THEN BAKING IT TO CREATE SOLID SHEETS. IT WAS FIRST USED IN THE AEROSPACE, BOATING, AND SPORTS INDUSTRIES AS REINFORCEMENT FOR SURFACES LIKE FIBERGLASS, BUT NOW IT IS AVAILABLE FOR ARCHITECTURAL PURPOSES AS WELL. |
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SELF - REPAIRING CEMENT |
HAS THE ABILITY TO REPAIR ITS OWN CRACKS. IT IS MIXED WITH MICROCAPSULES THAT RELEASE A GLUE-LIKE EPOXY RESIN THAT WILL AUTOMATICALLY REPAIR ANY CRACKS THAT FORM IN THE SIDEWALK OR ROADWAY. IN ADDITION, THIS CEMENT WILL HAVE THE ABILITY TO REGULATE HEAT. PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS THAT CAN ABSORB OR RELEASE LARGE AMOUNTS OF HEAT HAVE ALSO BEEN INCLUDED IN THE INGREDIENTS. |
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CARBON FIBER |
IS AN EXTREMELY STRONG, LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIAL. IT'S FIVE TIMES AS STRONG AS STEEL, TWO TIMES AS STIFF, YET WEIGHS ABOUT TWO-THIRDS LESS. IT IS MADE UP OF CARBON STRANDS THAT ARE THINNER THAN HUMAN HAIR. THE STRANDS CAN BE WOVEN TOGETHER, LIKE CLOTH, AND THEN THAT CAN BE MOLDED TO ANY SHAPE. IT IS ALSO FLEXIBLE, SO IT'S THE PERFECT MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN AREAS WITH THAT ARE EXPOSED TO HURRICANES AND TORNADOES. |
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LIQUID GRANITE |
IT HAS THE ABILITY TO COMPLETELY REPLACE CEMENT IN CONCRETE. THE MATERIAL IS A LIGHTWEIGHT AND HAS THE SAME LOAD BEARING CAPACITY OF CEMENT, BUT IS MADE OF RECYCLED MATERIALS. IT IS MADE UP OF BETWEEN 30 AND 70 PERCENT RECYCLED MATERIAL, AND USES LESS THAN ONE THIRD OF THE CEMENT USED IN PRECAST CONCRETE. WHICH MEANS THAT IT HAS A GREATLY REDUCED CARBON FOOTPRINT. IT IS ALSO FIRE RESISTANT. |
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BENDABLE CONCRETE |
THIS CONCRETE IS AROUND 500 TIMES MORE RESISTANT TO CRACKING THAN REGULAR CONCRETE THANKS TO THE TINY FIBERS, WHICH ACCOUNT FOR 2% OF ITS MAKE UP. THE FIBERS SLIDE WITHIN THE CONCRETE WHEN BENDING OCCURS, PROVIDING IT WITH ENOUGH GIVE TO PREVENT BREAKAGE. THIS CONCRETE HAS A MUCH LONGER LIFE EXPECTANCY, WHICH MEANS IT WILL COST LESS IN THE LONG RUN. |
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CONCRETE CANVASS |
IS A FLEXIBLE CEMENT IMPREGNATED FABRIC THAT HARDENS ON HYDRATION TO FORM A THIN, DURABLE WATER PROOF CONCRETE LAYER. ITS CONCRETE IN A ROLL, JUST ADD WATER. ONCE HYDRATED, IT REMAINS WORKABLE FOR 2 HOURS AND HARDENS TO 80% STRENGTH WITHIN 24 HOURS. ● RAPID ● FLEXIBLE ● STRONG ● DURABLE ● WATER PROOF ● FIRE PROOF ● CO2 SAVING ● LOW WASH OUT ● ENVIRONMENT AGENCY APPROVED |
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LOW - E GLASS / FILMS |
IS WINDOW GLASS THAT HAS BEEN TREATED WITH AN INVISIBLE METAL OR METALLIC OXIDE COATING, CREATING A SURFACE THAT REFLECTS HEAT, WHILE ALLOWING LIGHT TO PASS THROUGH. IT IS PROVEN TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION, DECREASE FADING OF FABRICS, SUCH AS WINDOW TREATMENTS, AND INCREASE OVERALL COMFORT IN YOUR HOME. |
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TRANSPARENT ALUMINUM |
● EXTREMELY DURABLE CRYSTALINE MATERIAL WITH EXCELLENT OPTICAL TRANSPARENCY ● TO BE USED WINDOWS, DOMES, PLATES, RODS AND TUBES IN A WIDE RANGE OF SIZES AND THICKNESSES ● EXCELLENT CLARITY ● TOTAL ABSENCE OF BIREFRINGENCE ● OUTSTANDING HARDNESS AND HIGH STRENGTH ● AVAILABLE IN A WIDE VARIETY OF SIZES, SHAPES AND THICKNESSES ● PRODUCED USING PROVEN CERAMIC FORMING PROCESSES ● READILY SCALED UP TO HIGH VOLUMES ● COST EFFECTIVE ADVANCED MATERIAL SOLUTION ● APPLICABLE TO A WIDE VARIETY OF INDUSTRIES INCLUDING AEROSPACE, SECURITY, DEFENSE AND SEMICONDUCTOR, ENERGY AND CONSUMER PRODUCTS |
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PAPER INSULATION |
● MADE FROM RECYCLED NEWSPAPERS AND CARDBOARD, ● SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVE TO CHEMICAL FOAMS ● BOTH INSECT RESISTANT AND FIRE-RETARDANT ● CAN BE BLOWN INTO CAVITY WALLS, FILLING EVERY CRACK ● NO HEALTH PROBLEMS |
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ADVANTAGES OVER CONVENTIONAL MATERIALS |
● BETTER FUNCTIONAL EFFECIENCY ● COST EFFECTIVENESS ● BETTER DURABILITY ● EASE OF CONSTRUCTION ● BETTER FINISH ● MINIMUM WASTE ● LESS MAINTENANCE COST ● MINIMUM DEFECTS ● LESS ENERGY INTENSIVE |
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HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK |
IT IS PRIMARILY USED AS A BUILDING MATERIAL IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALL. IT IS SOMETIMES CALLED A CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT. |
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HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK ADVANTAGES |
● LOW MAINTENANCE ● LOAD BEARING ● FIRE RESISTANT ● PROVIDE THERMAL AND SOUND INSULATION ● ECONOMICAL ● ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY |
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FERROCEMENT |
IT IS MOST COMMONLY APPLIED TO A MIXTURE OF PORTLAND CEMENT AND SAND REINFORCED WITH LAYERS OF WOVEN OR EXPANDED STEEL MESH AND CLOSELY-SPACED SMALL-DIAMETER STEEL RODS REBAR. IT CAN BE USED TO FORM RELATIVELY THIN, COMPOUND CURVED SHEETS TO MAKE HULLS FOR BOATS, SHELL ROOFS, WATER TANKS, ETC. WHEN USED IN HOUSE CONSTRUCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, IT CAN PROVIDE BETTER RESISTANCE TO FIRE, EARTHQUAKE, AND CORROSION THAN TRADITIONAL MATERIALS, SUCH AS WOOD, ADOBE AND STONE MASONRY. |
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FERROCEMENT ADVANTAGES |
● LOW CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL COST ● EASE OF FAIRING DURING CONSTRUCTION ● LOW ONGOING MAINTENANCE ● INTRINSICALLY SAFER IN THE EVENT OF GROUNDING ● LONG OPERATIONAL LIFE |
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TIRE VENEER |
RUBBER TIRES PLAY AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN MODERN LIFE. MILLIONS ARE DISCARDED ANNUALLY AS THEY WEAR OUT RELATIVELY FAST. THIS PRODUCT MAKES USE OF RECYCLING THE MATERIAL INTO A USABLE MATERIAL FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF APPLICATIONS. |
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TIRE VENEER ADVANTAGES |
● IT IS AS ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIVE FLOORING MATERIAL RESILIENT BOTH INDOORS AND OUTDOORS ● IT CAN BE USED IN AREAS SUCH AS SPORTS AND RECREATION, ANIMAL HOUSING AND HIGH TRAFFIC AREAS OUTDOORS ● A VARIETY OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS CAN BE MADE SUCH AS VIBRATION DAMPENERS AND FURNITURE SURFACES INTERNALLY |
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PLASTIC WOOD |
IT IS MADE PRIMARILY FROM HIGH - DENSITY POLYETHYLENE, RECOVERED FROM THE WASTE STREAM MAINLY IN THE FORM OF USED MILK CONTAINERS OR RECOVERED PLASTIC BAGS, AND FROM WOOD WASTE THAT HAVE BEEN GROUND TO A FINE POWDER. IT IS 100% RECYCLABLE MADE OF RECYCLED PLASTIC. |
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PLASTIC WOOD ADVANTAGES |
● 100% RESISTANT TO ROT ● IMPERVIOUS TO CRACKING AND SPLITTING ● WASTE PLASTIC AND WOOD IS USED FOR MANUFACTURING ● ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY AND REQUIRES LESS MAINTENANCE ● ALL WOODS MAY CHECK, SPLIT, CUP, CROOK, TWIST, AND WARP, AND WEATHER OVER TIME TO A GRAYISH COLOR. TREATED WOOD EXHIBITS LONG-TERM DURABILITY IN A DECK SURFACE APPLICATION, LASTING AS LONG, OR LONGER, THAN NATURALLY DURABLE, UNTREATED WOODS. |
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PREFABRICATED HOUSE |
PREFABRICATION IS THE PRACTICE OF ASSEMBLING COMPONENTS OF A STRUCTURE IN A FACTORY OR OTHER MANUFACTURING SITE, AND TRANSPORTING COMPLETE ASSEMBLIES OR SUB-ASSEMBLIES TO THE CONSTRUCTION SITE WHERE THE STRUCTURE IS TO BE LOCATED. THE TERM IS USED TO DISTINGUISH THIS PROCESS FROM THE MORE CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE OF TRANSPORTING THE BASIC MATERIALS TO THE CONSTRUCTION SITE WHERE ALL ASSEMBLY IS CARRIED OUT. |
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PREFABRICATED HOUSE ADVANTAGES |
● SELF-SUPPORTING READY-MADE COMPONENTS ARE USED, SO THE NEED FOR FORMWORK ● CONSTRUCTION TIME IS REDUCED AND BUILDINGS ARE COMPLETED SOONER ● ON-SITE CONSTRUCTION AND CONGESTION IS MINIMIZED ● QUALITY CONTROL CAN BE EASIER IN A FACTORY ASSEMBLY LINE SETTING THAN A CONSTRUCTION SITE SETTING ● PREFABRICATION CAN BE LOCATED WHERE SKILLED LABOUR IS MORE READILY AVAILABLE AND COSTS OF LABOUR, POWER, MATERIALS, SPACE AND OVERHEADS ARE LOWER ● TIME SPENT IN BAD WEATHER OR HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS AT THE CONSTRUCTION SITE IS MINIMIZED ● LESS WASTE MAY BE GENERATED AND IN A FACTORY SETTING IT MAY BE EASIER TO RECYCLE IT BACK INTO THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS ● MOULDS CAN BE USED SEVERAL TIMES
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TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS |
● SHALLOW FOUNDATION ● DEEP FOUNDATION |
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SHALLOW FOUNDATION |
is a type of building foundation that transfers building loads to the earth very near to the surface. |
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INDIVIDUAL FOOTING OR SHALLOW FOOTING |
is the most common type of foundation used for building construction. This foundation is constructed for single column and also called as pad foundation. The shape of individual footing is square or rectangle and is used when loads from structure is carried by the columns. Size is calculated based on the load on the column and safe bearing capacity of soil.
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COMBINED FOOTING |
It is constructed when two or more columns are close enough and their isolated footings overlap each other. It is a combination of isolated footings, but their structural design differs. The shape of this footing is rectangle and is used when loads from structure is carried by the columns.
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SPREAD FOOTING |
Are those whose base is more wider than a typical load bearing wall foundations. The wider base of this footing type spreads the weight from the building structure over more area and provides better stability. These should not be used on soils where there is any possibility of ground flow of water above bearing layer of soil which may result in scour or liquefaction.
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STRIP FOOTING AND WALL FOOTING |
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RAFT OR MAT FOUNDATION |
are the types of foundation which are spread across the entire area of the building to support heavy structural loads from columns and walls. The use of this foundation is for columns and walls foundations where the loads from structure on columns and walls are very high. This is used to prevent differential settlement of individual footings, thus designed as a single mat (or combined footing) of all the load bearing elements of the structure. It is suitable for expansive soils whose bearing capacity is less for suitability of spread footings and wall footings. |
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DEEP FOUNDATION |
are structural elements that transfer loads through weak, compressible soils to underlying competent soils or rock. |
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PILE FOUNDATION |
Is a type of deep foundation which is used to transfer heavy loads from the structure to a hard rock strata much deep below the ground level. This are used to transfer heavy loads of structures through columns to hard soil strata which is much below ground level where shallow foundations such as spread footings and mat footings cannot be used. |
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DRILLED SHAFTS OR CASSION FOUNDATION |
is a type of deep foundation and has action similar to pile foundations discussed above, but are high capacity cast-in-situ foundations. It resists loads from structure through shaft resistance, toe resistance and / or combination of both of these. The construction of drilled shafts or caissons are done using an auger. |
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CONCRETE BEAM |
A structural member of reinforced concrete placed horizontally to carry loads over openings. |
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SIMPLE CONCRETE BEAM |
It refers to the beam having a single span supported at its end without a restraint at the support. Simple beam is sometimes called as simply supported beam. Restraint means a rigid connection or anchorage at the support. |
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CONTINUOUS BEAM |
It is a beam that rest on more than two supports. It can be a single beam provided for long span between columns or walls with intermediate supports of smallar beams or a single continuous beam for entire length of the structure with intermediate column or wall supports. |
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SEMI-CONTINUOUS BEAM |
Refers to a beam with two spans with or without restraint at the two extreme ends. |
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CANTILEVER BEAM |
are supported on one end and the other end projecting beyond the support or wall. |
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T-BEAM |
When floor slabs and beams are poured simultaneously producing a monolithic structure where the portion of the slab at both sides of the beam serves as flanges of the it. The beam below the slab serves as the web member and is sometime called stem. |
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PRE STRESSED CONCRETE |
is a form of concrete used in construction that while under construction is substantially "prestressed" (compressed) in the areas that will be subjected to tensile forces while in service to strengthen it against these forces |
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PRE-TENSIONED CONCRETE |
In this method, wires or tendons are tensioned at first and concrete is poured later. It creates a good bondage between the tendon and concrete. As a result, the tendons are protected from corrosion and tensions are transferred directly. Tendons are anchored and stretched and the stress is transferred to the concrete when it is hard. Then the tendon tries to get back to the original length, but resisted by the bond between the concrete hence it induces compressive force in it. |
PULL, POUR, DRY |
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BOUNDED POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE |
Similar to pre-stressing but here concrete is poured first then tendons are tensioned. Tendons are placed at suitable places in the member and then casting is done. After the concrete becomes hard, the tendons are tensioned by hydraulic jacks against the concrete. When the tendons have tensioned sufficiently, according to design, they are fixed in position. After the jacks are removed, tension remains and it transfers pressure to the concrete. It is used in bridges |
POUR, DRY, PULL |
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UNBOUNDED POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE |
It is little different from bonded post-tensioned concrete. It allows freedom to move the cables. For this, each tendon is coated with grease and covered by plastic. Stress transfer to the concrete is achieved by the cables through anchors. |
POUR, DRY, PULL |
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PRECAST CONCRETE |
Elements are manufactured in a controlled casting environment and have it is easier to control mix, placement and curing. |
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CAST-IN-SITU CONCRETE |
Column, slab etc. elements are casted on site and hence it is difficult to control mix, placement and curing. |
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MODULAR CONSTRUCTION |
a process in which a building is constructed off-site, under controlled plant conditions, using the same materials and designing to the same codes and standards as conventionally built facilities – but in about half the time. Buildings are produced in “modules” that when put together on site, reflect the identical design intent and specifications of the most sophisticated site-built facility – without compromise. |
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PERMANENT MODULAR CONSTRUCTION |
is an innovative, sustainable construction delivery method utilizing offsite, lean manufacturing techniques to prefabricate single or multi-story whole building solutions in deliverable module sections. PMC modules can be integrated into site built projects or stand alone as a turn-key solution and can be delivered with MEP, fixtures and interior finishes in less time -- with less waste, and higher quality control compared to projects utilizing only site-built construction. |
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RELOCATABLE BUILDINGS |
is a partially or completely assembled building that complies with applicable codes or state regulations and is constructed in a building manufacturing facility using a modular construction process. This are designed to be reused or repurposed multiple times and transported to different building sites. They are utilized for schools, construction site offices, medical clinics, sales centers, and in any application where it can meet a temporary space need. |
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