Brain Functions

Front 1

3 regions of brain
medical term

Back 1

prosencephalon - forebrain
mesencephalon - midbrain
rhombencephalon - hindbrain

Front 2

forebrain
proencephalon

Back 2

Diencephalan -
Thalamus, Hypothalamus
Telencephalon -
Cerebrum

Front 3

Cerebrum
Telencephalon

Back 3

Cerebral Cortex
Basal nuclei
Mylenated White Matter
Axons Grey Matter

Front 4

Cerebral Cortex

Back 4

Large Complex
4 specialized lobe

Front 5

frontal lobe

Back 5

association cortex - conscious thought
Broca's area -
language comprehension
motor cortex- permits conscious control of skeletal muscles

Front 6

parietal lobe

Back 6

association cortex
somatosensory cortex - sensory areas of the skin

Front 7

temporal lobe

Back 7

auditory cortex
Wernicke's area
- speech
sense of smell

Front 8

occipital lobe

Back 8

visual cortex

Front 9

corpus callosum

Back 9

communication between left and right hemispheres

Front 10

Thalamus

Back 10

main input center for sensory information (except olfaction) going to the cerebral cortex and main output center for motor information leaving the cerebrum

Front 11

Hypothalamus

Back 11

master gland
critical for homeostasis; controls temperature, hunger thirst, sex, pleasure

Front 12

Midbrain
mesencephalon

Back 12

Reticular formation
Substantia Nigra
Ventral Tegmental Area

Front 13

Ventral Tegmental Area

Back 13

Packed with dopamine-releasing neurons
Amphetamines and cocaine bind to the same receptors that it activates

Front 14

Substantia Nigra

Back 14

Helps "smooth" out body movements (damage to the substantia nigra causes Parkinson's disease)

Front 15

Reticular formation

Back 15

Collects input from higher brain centers and passes it on to motor neurons
Involved in sleep and arousal

Front 16

Hindbrain
rhombencephalon

Back 16

Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Pons

Front 17

Medulla oblongata

Back 17

Regulates breathing
Regulates heartbeat
Regulates blood flow

Front 18

Cerebellum

Back 18

Coordinates and refines complex muscle movements

Front 19

Pons

Back 19

Connects higher brain regions, cerebellum, and spinal cord

Front 20

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 20

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric

Front 21

Sympathetic

Back 21

– activated in “fight or flight” response
Heart beats faster
Liver converts glycogen to glucose
Digestion inhibited

Front 22

Parasympathetic

Back 22

promotes calming and return to self-maintenance
functions (“rest and digest”)
Decreases heart rate
Increases glycogen production
Enhances digestion

Front 23

Enteric

Back 23

controls activity of digestive tract

Front 24

Somatic nervous system

Back 24

carries signals to and from skeletal muscles and is mostly voluntary

Front 25

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 25

regulates internal environment by controlling smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and organ function; is usually involuntary

Front 26

Cranial nerves

Back 26

originate in brain and terminate in organs of upper body

Front 27

Spinal nerves

Back 27

originate in spinal cord and extend to parts of body below the head