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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
biomes
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terrestrial ecosystems in different parts of the world are so similar that ecologists classify them into larger ecosystems
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adaptation
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heritable charcteristic that is passed on genetically to the next generation that allows a particular organism to live in an enviroment
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parasites
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organisms that obtain energy and nutrients from another living organism, the host
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ecology
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the study of the surroundings and enviroment of the plants
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temperate deciduous forests
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great lakes from south to the gulf of mexico, broad leaved species that shed all their leaves annualy during the fall and remain inactive during the winter
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food chain
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it connects all of the producers and consumers of an enviroment
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levels
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such as producer, herbivore, carnivore, and decomposer levels
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autotrophic
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self feeding-produce own sugar, protiens, vitamins, and amino acids
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chaparral
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the basque name for the scrub oak
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seed bank
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the soil contains viable ungerminateed seeds in natural storage
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secondary succession
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when an ares is disturbed by fire or floods some of the original soil plant and animal material may remain, the pattern of changes that follow is S S
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alkaloids
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medicines derived from plants, vincristine and vinblastine, come from periwinkle plant
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net productivity
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energy produced by photosynthesis minus that lost in respiration
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community
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populations of different species living and interacting in the same location
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ecology
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the study of organisms in relation to their enviroment
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artificial selection
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when humans select which type of plant or animal that they want to continue growing
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tundra
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treeless marshy plain
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scarification
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germinate only after the seed coat is scratched or cracked or briefly soaked in concentrated acid
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secondary consumers
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carnivores
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heterotrophic
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humans and other animals must obtain food from other organisms and vitamins from other sources
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selection pressures
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enviromental conditions that are the forces that determine the outcome of natural selection
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producers
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the organisms of the community that harvest the energy of sunlight and use that energy to assemble carbon dioxide from the air into sugar during photosythesis
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carrying capacity
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max number of individuals that can survive and reproduce in an ecosystem
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photosynthesis
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convert light energy into the chemiacal energy of sugar
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levels
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such as producer, herbivore, carnivore, and decomposer levels
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population
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group of individuals of the same species sharing the same territory or reproducing with each other
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natural selection
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individuals best adapted to their enviroment produce the most offspring and pass their desirable genes to the next generation
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gymnosperms
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plants that are called pines and firs
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enviromental biology
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how the effects of humans and pollution and water quality etc has affected the enviroment
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herbivores
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plant eaters, depend on plants for their energy
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ecosystem
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populations interacting with one another in a community and their nonliving enviroment
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epicotyl
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region of embryo above the sttachment point of cotyledons, gives rise to the shoot made up of leaves and stems
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taiga
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found south of the tundra dominated by conifers
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dormant
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ebryo is alive but not activley growing
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mutualistic
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the interaction is mutually beneficial to the organisms involved
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biotechnology
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way of using organisms to make commercial products
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climax community
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remain relativly stable until they are disrupted by some sort of disturbance suach as a fire or flood
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consumers
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herbivores and carnivores, they eat the things in an enviroment
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biomes
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terrestrial ecosystems in different parts of the world are so similar that ecologists classify them into larger ecosystems
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root hairs
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single celled, cover each root beginning a few millimeters away from its tip
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primary succession
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those changes occurring on rock lava sand and other areas htat have never been covered by plants
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competition
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ecological interaction between two organisms to axquire a resource that both need and that is in limited supply
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lianas
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woody vines that are rooted in the ground hang from tree branches
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embryo
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inner part of each seed, young plant, seed protects the embryo until it can produce it's own sugars
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grasslands
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supported huge pop of herbivores, interior of most continents
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carnivores
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meat eaters, may eat herbivores to obtain energy and building blocks for their bodies
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succession
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cumulative change in the biotic and abiotic compoinents of an ecosystem
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cotyledon
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seed leaf, stores and suppliesnutrients and energy for the embryo
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hydrophytes
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plants such as water lilies that grow in water and have modifications that adapt them to their aquatic enviroment
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stomata
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small pores where transpiration occurs
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stump sprouting
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regeneration that allows shrubs to grow quickly after a fire and to produce stems and leaves before other plants have a chance to develop from seeds
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coleorhiza
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sheathes the radicle, helps the seed germinate and grow,
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epiphytes
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attached to limbs and trunks , plants that are attached to other larger plants, live by their own phototsynthesis
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decomposers
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depends on dead organisms or their parts to make their living in community, bacteria and fungi
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primary consumers
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herbivores
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angiosperms
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plants often called evergreens
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permafrost
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permanently frozen soil beneath the surgave prevents water from drainin deep into the soil
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transpiration
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water loss from a plant through its stem and leaves
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species diversity
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defined by the number of species and num of individuals per species in an ecosystem
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cell walls
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made of cellulose, surrounds each plant cell, procides some protection to the cell, and gives the cell shape
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survival of the fittest
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those organisms that are best adapted to their enviroment will go on to live and reproduce
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trophic
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organisms in community are linked by their use of energy and nutrients, nutrition
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ecologists
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scientists who investigate processes in an enviroment
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internodes
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parts of stems between nodes
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stratification
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seeds of woody plants in temperate climates require a wet period that is followed by several weeks of cold before they germinate
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axillary bud
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found in the upper juncture between a leaf and the stem
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ecological trade off
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negative aspect of the characteristic for every positive aspect
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radicle
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tip of the hypocotyl
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wilt
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a limp condition caused by insufficient water in the cells
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stem
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collection of nodes, internodes, axillary buds
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abiotic
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nonliving factors in an enviroment
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root cap
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tip of all roots, it is protective, produces mucialge, helps the root as it moves through the soil
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seed coat
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outer protective layer immediatly surrounding the seed, thin and papery
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biotic
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living organisms in an enviroment
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cellulose
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is in the cell wall made by the sugar produced during photosythesis
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habitat
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the place where an organism lives and grows
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nodes
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regions where leaves and axillary buds attach to stems
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dicots
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produce seeds each having two cotyledons, peanut
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seeds
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produced by the flowering plants
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hypocotyl
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region below the attachment point
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chlorophyll
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found in heterotrophic organisms, used in photosythesis
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monocots
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flowering plants that produce seeds each with only one cotyledon
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ecology
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investigating an organisms interaction with its enviroment
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limiting factor
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an envirmental factor that inhibits the growth, reproduction, or behavior of an organism
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apical meristem
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growing point at the apex of the shoot and above the surface
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coleoptile
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sheethes the shoot, helps the seed germinate
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surface area
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part of a plant in contact with its environment, extended by a plants root hairs
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endosperm
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nutritive material found in the sed for the growing seedling
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