Botany Test1

Front 1

studies evolutionary history of plants, how to identify and preserve species

Back 1

Systematist

Front 2

studies photosynthesis, hormones, gene actions, and flowering

Back 2

physiologist

Front 3

studies how structure relates to function

Back 3

anatomist

Front 4

studies plant life-cycles and reproduction

Back 4

morphologist

Front 5

studies how plants relate to other organisms

Back 5

ecologist

Front 6

studies transfer of genetic information

Back 6

geneticist

Front 7

mosses are_____

Back 7

bryophytes

Front 8

ferns are______

Back 8

seedless vascular plants

Front 9

naked seeds, conifers

Back 9

gymnosperms

Front 10

flowering plants

Back 10

angiosperms

Front 11

study of interaction of plants w/biotic and abiotic surroundings

Back 11

ecology

Front 12

group of interbreeding (same species) living in a defined area

Back 12

Population

Front 13

all biotic organisms within a specific area at the same time

Back 13

community

Front 14

community + habitat

Back 14

ecosystem

Front 15

all regions on earth where life exists

Back 15

biosphere

Front 16

abiotic factors that affect distribution of plants [6]

Back 16

temperature
water
sunlight
wind
soil
disturbances

Front 17

biome with extremely high diversity
broadleaved evergreens, epiphytes
very poor in nutrients
1/2 of all known plants & animals
high rainfall
0 latitude

Back 17

Tropical rain forest

Front 18

biome
winter deciduous trees
spring ephemeral flora
30 - 60 latitude
maple , Oak, Basswood, Hickory
four distinct seasons

Back 18

temperate Deciduous Forest

Front 19

biome
most productive
nutrient-rich organic soil
size increase in dry years
maintained by fire, grazing, and drought
30-60 latitude

Back 19

grasslands

Front 20

biome
widely scattered deciduous trees
higher rainfall than grasslands
long dry season
drought deciduous trees
largest is in Africa (elephants, lions)

Back 20

savanna

Front 21

biome
evaporation exceeds precipitation
very low nutrient levels
annual plants are important because seeds remain dormant
thick stems & reduced leaf surface

Back 21

Desert

Front 22

biome
hot dry summers and wet mild winters
many plants contain compound that encourage fires
vegetation is shrubby
some species require fire for seeds to germinate

Back 22

chaparral

Front 23

biome
high rainfall
low diversity
mixture of needle and broadleaf evergreens

Back 23

temperate rain forest

Front 24

biome
largest biome (11%)
very low diversity
sruce-moose
taiga & northern boreal forest

Back 24

Northern Coniferous Forest

Front 25

Biome
10 months winter
dark for 6 months
permafrost

Back 25

tundra

Front 26

biome with no vegetaion

Back 26

ice desert

Front 27

growth pattern that levels off at carrying capacity

Back 27

logistic growth

Front 28

where a logistic growth pattern levels off

Back 28

carrying capacity

Front 29

growth model of unlimited resources and space

Back 29

exponential growth model

Front 30

Name three plant adaptions for surviving cold temperatures

Back 30

thick covering of leaves
protected respiration (small pores in pits)
store reserves below ground

Front 31

maximum # of individuals an environment has resources to support

Back 31

carrying capacity

Front 32

Name three density dependent limiting factors for a population

Back 32

disease
resource competition
waste toxicity

Front 33

Name 3 density independent limiting factors

Back 33

human disturbance
natural disaster
climate

Front 34

Name the 4 interspecific interactions of plants

Back 34

mutualism
commensalism
predation
parasitism

Front 35

inter-specific interaction where both species benefit

Back 35

mutualism - acacia & ants

Front 36

inter-specific interaction where one species benefits but the other is not harmed

Back 36

comemnsalism (epiphytes)

Front 37

inter-specific interaction where one plant attacks another

Back 37

parasitism (dodder, mistletoe, Indian pipe, squaw root)

Front 38

competition/interactions between same species (seedlings)

Back 38

intra-specific

Front 39

order of Primary succession

Back 39

moss & lichen
annuals
perennials
shrubs
trees

Front 40

secondary succession starts with

Back 40

annuals
(already have soil)

Front 41

biome
evaporation exceeds precipitation
very low nutrient levels
annual plants are important because seeds remain dormant
thick stems & reduced leaf surface

Back 41

Desert

Front 42

biome
hot dry summers and wet mild winters
many plants contain compound that encourage fires
vegetation is shrubby
some species require fire for seeds to germinate

Back 42

chaparral

Front 43

biome
high rainfall
low diversity
mixture of needle and broadleaf evergreens

Back 43

temperate rain forest

Front 44

biome
largest biome (11%)
very low diversity
sruce-moose
taiga & northern boreal forest

Back 44

Northern Coniferous Forest

Front 45

Biome
10 months winter
dark for 6 months
permafrost

Back 45

tundra

Front 46

biome with no vegetaion

Back 46

ice desert

Front 47

growth pattern that levels off at carrying capacity

Back 47

logistic growth

Front 48

where a logistic growth pattern levels off

Back 48

carrying capacity

Front 49

growth model of unlimited resources and space

Back 49

exponential

Front 50

Four plant adaptions for surviving cold temperatures

Back 50

thick covering of leaves
protected respiration (small pores in pits)
store reserves below ground
grow close to ground

Front 51

major plants in succession of sand dune ecosystem

Back 51

grasses
cottonwoods
pines
oaks

Front 52

major plants characteristic of climax population in sand dune ecosystem (2)

Back 52

Beech, Maple

Front 53

one population following another as habitat becomes more accommodating to later population

Back 53

ecological succession

Front 54

What happens after "blow out" of climax population in sand dune ecosystem?

Back 54

secondary succession sets in

Front 55

Exponential growth model (formula)

Back 55

change in numbers/change in time = rate of increase (capability to reproduce)

Front 56

formula for logistic growth model

Back 56

change in numbers / change in time = rate of increase times environmental resistance f(x).

Front 57

environmental resistance f(x)

Back 57

(K-N)/K
carrying capacity minus number divided by carrying capacity

Front 58

pioneer plant most characteristic of sand dune ecosystems

Back 58

pioneer grasses

Front 59

what 4 major plants appear during succession in a sand dune ecosystem

Back 59

grasses
cottonwoods
pines
oaks

Front 60

what is climax ecosystem?

Back 60

optimum balance will stay the same unless physically changed

Front 61

Name 4 ideas of Cell theory

Back 61

all living organisms made of cells
cells come form other cells
cells contain hereditary info that is passed on to offspring
all biochemical reactions required for life take place in cells

Front 62

centi

Back 62

x10 -2

Front 63

milli

Back 63

x 10 -3

Front 64

micro

Back 64

x10 -6

Front 65

nano

Back 65

x10 -9

Front 66

membrane that surrounds central vacule

Back 66

tonoplast

Front 67

inside of cell wall

Back 67

cell membrane

Front 68

protoplasm consists of ____and____

Back 68

nucleus, cytoplasm

Front 69

thickening agent found in cell wall that helps hold cellulose fibers to each other

Back 69

peptin

Front 70

hole/tunnel connecting cells used for transport and sharing

Back 70

plasmodesmata

Front 71

large plasmodesmata found in pine

Back 71

pits

Front 72

a type of dead cell (secondary cell wall) found in nutshells and pears

Back 72

scleroids

Front 73

selectively permeable structure composed of phospholipids and proteins

Back 73

Plasma Membrane

Front 74

detail drawing of plasma membrane

Back 74

Fluid Mosaic Model

Front 75

areas of ribosome production

Back 75

nucleoli

Front 76

factory, helps in production of non-functional proteins

Back 76

rough ER

Front 77

lipid synthesis [production of phospholipids] occurs here.

Back 77

smooth ER

Front 78

modifies proteins to make them functional.
accepts and produces vesicules of proteins

Back 78

Golgi apparatus

Front 79

micro body that has enzyme to break down hydrogen peroxide

Back 79

peroxysomes

Front 80

microbody that breaks down stored fats

Back 80

glyoxysomes

Front 81

plastid
green
lipid soluable pigment
photosythesis

Back 81

chloroplast

Front 82

plastid
orange, yellow
carrotinoids

Back 82

chromoplast

Front 83

plastid
no color
stores oil in seeds
storage of starch in roots 7 underground stems.

Back 83

leucoplast

Front 84

organell responsible for cellular respiration and production of ATP.

Back 84

mitochondria

Front 85

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules make up the_______

Back 85

Cytoskeleton

Front 86

______control movement of vesicules, chromosomes, and are part of flagella

Back 86

microtubules

Front 87

______ ______ form a fabric that gives nucleus its round shape

Back 87

intermediate filaments

Front 88

List 5 contents of the central vaccule

Back 88

water
nutrients
waste products
crystals
soluble salts

Front 89

structures common to all cell types include: [6]

Back 89

cell membrane
protoplasm
DNA
ribosomes
same 25 amino acids
nucleic acids

Front 90

Name 2 functions common to all cells

Back 90

DNA replication
protein synthesis

Front 91

Three Structures unique to plant cells:

Back 91

cell wall of cellulose
large central vacuole
plastids

Front 92

cells connect to form __

Back 92

tissues

Front 93

what is in between the primary cell wall of two adjoining cells?

Back 93

middle lamella
(w/pectin)