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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Typical synovial joints are classified into three types. List them.
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hinge, saddle, ball & socket
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Give a human example of a saddle joint.
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thumb (movement around 2 axes)
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What is the most abundant protein in the body?
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collagen
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Collagen in bone, skin, tendon, ligaments
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Type I
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Collagen in cartilage only
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Type 2
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Collagen in embryonic tissue, growth plates
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Type 3
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List the functions of bone.
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structure, support, lever system, protection
shock absorption, mineral reserve |
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Why type of bone is found at ends of bones?
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cancellous (porous)
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List the functions of articular cartilage.
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shock absorption, friction (bearing surface), load distribution, wear protection
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List the three zones of articular cartilage.
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1. tangential surface (oriented parallel to surface, randomly)
2. midzone (fibers randomly oriented) 3. deep zone (oriented perpendicular to surface) |
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Describe the cellularity of cartilage.
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very sparse
no blood supply not much ability to repair themselves |
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List the functions of the menisci.
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load distribution, joint stability, shock absorption
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Describe the cellularity of menisci.
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sparse, not good ability to repair
poor blood supply at except periphery |
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Define tendon.
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attach muscle to bone
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What type of collagen makes up the tendons?
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Type I
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List the functions of the tendons.
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transfer force from muscle to bone
connects muscle to bone shock absorption mechanism of attachment |
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Describe the cellularity of tendons.
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fibroblasts
little blood supply, but surrounded by tissues (muscles) with good blood supply |
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Define ligament.
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attach bone to bone
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List the functions of the ligaments.
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attach bone to bone, protection, constrain motion, stability, direct motion (last line of defense for unexpected movements, events)
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List the functions of synovial fluid.
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joint capsule, lubricant, provides nutrients and removes waste
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Describe the cellularity of synovial fluid.
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high cell density, good blood supply
-good repair ability |
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List four routes of transmission of lab acquired illnesses (LAI) in the lab.
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inhalation
cuts by contaminated items ingestion splash to mucous-membrane or cut in skin |
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List the functions of the intervertebral disks.
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protection, cushion, shock absorption, transmit force down spine
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What are the 2 regions of the intervertebral disks?
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annulus fibrosis
nucleus pulposus |
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Lots of proteoglycans are located in which region of the intervertebral disks? What could be the result?
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nucleus pulposus
harder to compress and proteoglycans push out if it bulges out, then hernia |
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How can EMG's be used?
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prosthetic control (if some muscle is remaining, send signal to prosthetic)
athletic performance (to measure how efficient your muscles are) |
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When might intramuscular electrodes be used?
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for small or deep muscles
may eliminate some noise two electrodes only |
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Define motor unit.
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nerve and muscle fibers that it innervates
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A lower value for muscle fibers per motor unit signifies what?
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means that this muscle has finer control than muscles with more (higher number) muscle fibers per motor unit
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Nerves go into different sets of muscles, which allows for what?
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gradations of force in fibers
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What happens in tetanus?
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nerve cell firing as close together as possible and you get max force, but fatigue quickly results and force stops
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What is the most common frequency of noise?
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electrical (~60Hz)
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What steps can be taken for best contact of surface electrodes?
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good placement
shave off any hair wipe skin w/ alcohol abrade skin wipe w/ alcohol again conducting gel |
