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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Astrocytes |
Connect with neurons and blood vessels Vital for the formation of the blood brain barrier |
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Oligodendrocytes |
Myelin sheath in the CNS |
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Ependymal cells |
Cells that line ventricles, spinal canal and CSF circulation |
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Microglia |
They are phagocytic cells that scavenge the brain to remove any unwanted products |
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Glial cells |
Glial cells or neuroglia are cells which are non-neuronal that provide physical and metabolic support to neurons |
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Motor skill learning requires |
Active central myelination |
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The three major subdivisions of the brain |
Forebrain Midbrain and hindbrain |
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Forebrain consists of two sections |
The outer and inner |
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Outer forebrain consists of 4 lobes |
Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal |
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Deep divisions and grooves between lobes are called |
Sulcus |
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Surface area of the brain is increased massively by ridges called |
Gyri |
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The olfactory and nucleus accumbens are a part of what |
Corpus striatum |
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What part of the brain controls our behaviour and emotional responses |
Hippocampus |
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Hypothalamus |
Regulates the autonomic and endocrine systems |
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Substantia Nigra |
Helps to coordinate movement |
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Damage to this part of the brain will result in death |
Medulla oblongata |
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Part of the brain that is important in modulating wakefulness |
The brain stem |
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Ventral root |
Motor/efferent nerves leaving spinal cord and innervate effectors |
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Dorsal root |
Sensory/afferent nerves entering spinal cord |
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Blood brain barrier |
Highly selective semipermeable border that prevents unwanted solutes in blood to enter extracellular fluid of the CNS |
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Function of fluid around brain |
-Supplies metabolites - Physically protects the brain -Provides an appropriate chemical environment for neuronal function - removes waste |
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Astrocytes |
Act as a second barrier between blood and cerebrospinal fluid |
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Where is the cerebrospinal fluid located within the brain |
Spaces called ventricles |
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How many ventricles are there in the brain |
4 - 2 lateral -3rd ventricle -4th ventricle |
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What produces the cerebrospinal fluid |
Ependymal cells in the choroid plexus |
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Criteria for identifying a neurotransmitter |
- synthesed within a neuron -stored in a nerve terminal -released by nerve stimulation in calcium dependant manner - specific mechanisms for inactivation - Exogenously applied substance mimics response to neurotransmitter - antagonist inhibits both neurotransmitter and exogenously applied substance |
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Enzymes that synthesise dopamine |
Tyrosine hydroxylase Dopa decarboxylase |
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Where does most dopamine signalling occur |
From substantia Nigra to striatum |
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7 main neurotransmitters within the brain |
Noradrenaline Dopamine Serotonin Acetylcholine Glutamate GABA Glycine |
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Substance p |
Neuropeptide involved in pain |
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Examples of fast neurotransmitters |
Nicotinic ACh receptors Glutamate ionotropic receptors P2X receptors |
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What are the three types of sensory receptors |
Cutaneous receptors Proprioceptors Special senses |
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Proprioceptors |
Sensory receptors that assess body position |
