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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the kidneys? |
1. Regulation of H2O and inorganic ion balance 2. Removal of metabolic waste products and foreign chemicals in blood, excreted in urine 3. Glucogenesis 4. Endocrine functions what |
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What are the two components of the nephron? |
1. Tubular component 2. Vascular component |
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What is the bowman’s capsule? |
a part of the nephron that forms a cup-like sack surrounding the glomerulus |
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Where does blood filtration occur in the bowman’s capsule? |
Glomerular filtrate into bowman’s space and then into proximal convoluted tubule |
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What are the function of juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney? |
Secrete renin |
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What is the macula densa |
Cells that are sensitive to sodium in the filtrate which can stimulate release of renin when sodium is low |
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What is the cause of high hydrostatic pressure (PGC) at glomerular capillaries? |
Due to short, wide afferent arteriole and the long (low R to flow), narrow efferent arteriole (High R) |
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What does angiotensin II cause in the kidneys? |
1. Causes direct constriction of renal arterioles 2. Stimulation of aldosterone synthesis - sodium absorption and increase in intravascular blood volume |
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What is the RAAS? |
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system, primary importance in blood pressure. Activated in response to reduced blood flow |
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What is released when there is any decrease in kidney blood flow (GFR)? |
Angiotensin II & aldosterone |
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What are the important actions of angiotensin II in the kidneys? |
1. Stimulation of aldosterone release from adrenal cortex 2. Vasoconstriction of renal and other systemic vessels 3. Enhanced tubuloglomerular feedback - makes macula densa more sensitive 4. Enhance Na-H exchanger and Na channel function to promote Na reabsorption 5. Renal hypertrophy 6. Stimulates thirst and ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) release by acting upon hypothalamus |
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What are the important actions of angiotensin II in the kidneys? |
1. Stimulation of aldosterone release from adrenal cortex 2. Vasoconstriction of renal and other systemic vessels 3. Enhanced tubuloglomerular feedback - makes macula densa more sensitive 4. Enhance Na-H exchanger and Na channel function to promote Na reabsorption 5. Renal hypertrophy 6. Stimulates thirst and ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) release by acting upon hypothalamus |
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What is sensed in the kidneys? |
Effective circulating volume, plasma osmolality |
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What sensors are in the kidneys? |
Carotid sinus, aortic arch, renal afferent arteriole, atria, hypothalamus osmoreceptors |
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What are the efferent pathways in the kidney |
RAAS, symp NS, ADH, ANP, ADH & thirst |
