Bm213: Block D

Front 1

What are the cellular components of the CNS?

Back 1

Brain & spinal cord.

1. nerve cells (neurons), -100 Million in humans

2. neuroglia, up to 1 trillion in humans what at

Front 2

What are 2 examples of types of neurons?

Back 2

1. pyramidal cell,

2. stellate cell, star shaped

3. basket cell,

4. Purkinje cell, huge branches

Front 3

In CNS, what is a group of neuron cell bodies called?

Back 3

Nucleus/corpus/body

Front 4

In PNS, what are a group of neuron cell bodies called?

Back 4

Ganglion

Front 5

What connects with neurons and blood vessels that are important for the brain barrier

Back 5

Astrocytes

Front 6

What are oligodendrocytes?

Back 6

Myelin sheath in CNS

Front 7

What are ependymal cells?

Back 7

Cells that line ventricles, spinal canal, produce and circulate cerebral spinal fluid around the brain

Front 8

What are microglia?

Back 8

“Cleaners of the brain”

Phagocytes, scavengers

Front 9

What carriers out the same role as oligodendrocytes in the PNS?

Back 9

Shwann cells

Front 10

What is the function of oligodendrocytes/Schwann cells?

Back 10

Wraps around axon, provides electrical insulation and increases speed of action/ potential conduction

Front 11

What are the three major subdivisions of the brain?

Back 11

1. Forebrain

2. Midbrain

3. Hindbrain

Front 12

What are the inner and outer sections of the forebrain?

Back 12

Inner

1. Thalamus

2. Hypothalamus

Outer

1. Cerebrum/cortex

2. Diencephalon

3. Striatum

4. Hippocampus

Front 13

What is grey matter in the brain?

Back 13

Comprised nerve cells

Front 14

What are the four lobes of the brain and the two division of the forebrain?

Back 14

Lobes

1. Frontal

2. Parietal

3. Temporal

4. Occipital

5. Corpus striatum

Devision

1. Central sulcus

2. Lateral sulcus

Front 15

What is the corpus striatum?

Back 15

Part of the basal ganglia, coordinated by body movements

Front 16

What is the hippocampus?

Back 16

Part of the limbic system - emotion. Involved in memory.

Front 17

What is the thalamus?

Back 17

Part of the inner forebrain,

1. Relay centre

2. Receives sensory input from cerebrum

3. Relays cerebrum motor output

Front 18

What is the hypothalamus?

Back 18

Part of the inner forebrain

1.Regulates autonomic, endocrine system

2. Essential for hunger, thirst, metabolic rate etc

Front 19

What is the substantia nigra?

Back 19

Part of the midbrain & basal ganglia. Coordinates by body movements

Front 20

What is the cerebellum?

Back 20

Found in hindbrain, 2nd largest brain structure. Provides fine coordinated body movements.

Contains more neurons.

Front 21

What is the medulla oblongate?

Back 21

Part of the brain stem, continuous with spinal cord. Ascending & descending nerves to/from the forebrain. Important for visceral reflexes. Damage to this causes death.

Front 22

What is the brain stem reticular formation?

Back 22

Within brain stem, modulates level of wakefulness/sleep.

Front 23

Describe the structure of the spinal cord

Back 23

1. Neuronal cell bodies in centre (butterfly shape)

2. Surrounded by ascending & descending nerve tracts

3. Ventral root - motor/efferent nerves leaving cord & innervate effectors

4. Dorsal root - sensory/afferent nerves entering cord

Front 24

What is the components of the blood-brain barrier

Back 24

1. Blood vessels (plasma)

2. Interstitial fluid (adjacent to neurons

Front 25

What are the components of the blood- CSF - barrier

Back 25

1. Interstitial fluid (adjacent to neurons

2. Cerebrospinal fluid (cerebral ventricles, around brain and brain stem)

Front 26

Is the blood plasma barrier impermeable or permeable?

Back 26

Impermeable

Front 27

What does the liquid around the brain do?

Back 27

1. Supplies metabolites

2. physically protects brain

3. Provides appropriate chemical environment for neuronal function

4. Removes waste

Front 28

What is the metabolite supply to the brain?

Back 28

1. Receives 15% blood pumped by heart

2. 20% total body O2 usage

Front 29

What are the structural specialisations of the blood brain barrier

Back 29

1. Tight junctions between endothelial cell

2. Astrocytes that provide 2nd barrier

3. Restricts access from blood to CNS: allows small, non ionised, lipid-soluble compounds, glucose, ions and essential amino acids.

Front 30

What are the 4 ventricles/chambers in the brain?

Back 30

2 lateral ventricles, 3rd & 4th ventricles and spinal cord canal

Front 31

What does the lateral ventricle produce?

Back 31

Cerebral spinal fluid

Front 32

What lines the ventricles in the brain?

Back 32

Ependymal cells (cilia aid CSF flow), choroid plexus = ependymal cells + capillary bed

Front 33

What do ependymal cells actively secrete into the ventricle?

Back 33

Na+ and Cl- follows passively as osmotic pressure drives water into the ventricle