Blood Workbook Ohb

Front 1

When blood is spun in a centrifuge, what do you find when you take it out?

Back 1

formed elements packed down because heavier, plasma rises to top

Front 2

What % of blood volume does plasma make up?

Back 2

90%

Front 3

What % of blood volume do the erythrocytes (RBCs) make up?

Back 3

45%

Front 4

What % of blood volume do leukocytes (WBCs) make up?

Back 4

less than 1%

Front 5

What % of blood volume do platelets make up?

Back 5

less than 1%

Front 6

serum

Back 6

plasma minus clotting proteins

Front 7

What are the constituents of plasma?

Back 7

nonliving fluid matrix, 90% water, 100+ different substances (nutrients, electrolytes, respiratory gases, hormones, plasma proteins, various waste, products of cell metabolism, etc.)

Front 8

What is the normal pH of blood?

Back 8

7.35-7.45

Front 9

The normal blood volume of a man is _____ L.

Back 9

5-6

Front 10

Unique features of an erythrocyte

Back 10

anucleate (lack a nucleus), don't use up oxygen = efficient transporter of oxygen, "bags" of hemoglobin molecules, lack mitochondria, few ganelles, make ATP by anaerobic mechanism

Front 11

hemoglobin

Back 11

oxygen carrying component of the RBC

Front 12

measurement of hematocrit

Back 12

"blood fraction", 45% of total blood volume taken in a sample

Front 13

measurement of hemoglobin

Back 13

transports bulk of oxygen

Front 14

The color of blood may indicate ________.

Back 14

amount of oxygen in the blood

Front 15

anemia

Back 15

decrease in oxygen carrying ability of blood

Front 16

types of anemia

Back 16

iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, B12 deficiency (pernicious), hemorrhagic, hemolytic, aplastic, hereditary (sickle cell, thalasemia)

Front 17

What is the cause of iron deficiency anemia?

Back 17

low iron in diet, slow/prolonged bleed, depletes iron needed for hemog. RBCs

Front 18

What is the cause of pernicious anemia?

Back 18

decrease in RBC #

Front 19

pernicious

Back 19

B12 deficiency

Front 20

What is the cause of hemorrhagic anemia?

Back 20

decrease in RBC #

Front 21

What is the cause of hemolytic anemia?

Back 21

decrease in RBC #

Front 22

What is the cause of aplastic anemia?

Back 22

decrease in RBC #

Front 23

What is the cause of hereditary (sickle cell, thalasemia) anemia?

Back 23

abnormal hemoglobin in RBCs

Front 24

What is the effect of iron deficiency anemia of blood?

Back 24

inadequate hemoglobin content in RBCs

Front 25

What is the effect of B12 deficiency (pernicious) anemia of blood?

Back 25

no B12

Front 26

What is the effect of hemorrhagic anemia of blood?

Back 26

sudden hemorrhage (decrease in RBC #s)

Front 27

What is the effect of hemolytic anemia of blood?

Back 27

lysis of RBCs as a result of bacterial infections

Front 28

What is the effect of aplastic anemia of blood?

Back 28

depression/destruction of bone marrow by cancer, radiation, some medications

Front 29

What is the effect of hereditary (sickle cell, thalasemia)

Back 29

genetic defect > abnormal hemoglobin > sharp and sickle under rising oxygen use by body, occurs mainly in people of African descent

Front 30

polycythemia

Back 30

excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes

(May result from bone marrow cancer, normal physiologic response to higher altitudes)

Front 31

What are WBCs responsible for?

Back 31

crucial to body defense against disease

Front 32

How many WBCs are normally present per mm3 of blood?

Back 32

4800-10800 WBC/mm3

Front 33

What might an elevated level of WBCs mean?

Back 33

fighting an infection

Front 34

Types of WBCs

Back 34

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes

Front 35

What are the functions of neutrophils?

Back 35

active phagocytes, numbers increase rapidly during short-term or acute infections

Front 36

What are the functions of eosinophils?

Back 36

kill parasitic worms by deluging with digestive enzymes play complex role in allergy attacks

Front 37

What are the functions of basophils?

Back 37

release histamine at sites of inflammation, contain heparin (anticoagulant)

Front 38

What are the functions of lymphocytes?

Back 38

part of immune system, one group produces antibodies, graft rejection, fights tumors and viruses via direct cell attack

Front 39

What are the functions of monocytes?

Back 39

active phagocytes > macrophages in tissue, long term "clean team", rise in numbers during chronic infection (TB)

Front 40

___ Neutrophils per mm3

Back 40

3000-7000

Front 41

___ Eosinophils per mm3

Back 41

100-400

Front 42

____ Basophils per mm3

Back 42

20-50

Front 43

___ Lymphocytes per mm3

Back 43

1500-3000

Front 44

___ Monocytes per mm3

Back 44

100-700

Front 45

leukemia

Back 45

"white blood"

bone marrow becomes cancerous, increased numbers of WBCs because increase equals immature which means they're not as good at their jobs

Front 46

Where does hematopoiesis take place in the body?

Back 46

red bone marrow/myeloid tissue

Front 47

reticulocytes

Back 47

young RBC

Front 48

hemostasis

Back 48

(hem=blood, stasis=standing still)

stop bleeding

Front 49

Vit K Deficiency Disease, Hemophilia, Diseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Back 49

clotting disorders

Front 50

During hemostasis ______ spasms narrow blood vessels at would until clotting.

Back 50

vascular

Front 51

platelet plug formation

Back 51

platelets anchor and release chemicals to increase spasms and increase platelets, begins to form a plug

Front 52

coagulation

Back 52

blood clotting

Front 53

The release of TF + PF3 + Ca2+ + clotting factors = _______.

Back 53

activator

Front 54

Activator leads to the formation of _______ and _______.

Back 54

thrombin, fibrinogen

Front 55

Insoluble fibron is a mesh that traps ___ which is the _____ ____.

Back 55

RBC, basis clot

Front 56

The clot _______ which pulls skin _____ and _____ is released.

Back 56

retracts, closer, serum

Front 57

Vit K Deficiency Disease

Back 57

clotting disorder, newborns don't produce enough the first few days before milk "comes in", shots and supplements available

Front 58

Hemophilia

Back 58

"bleeder's disease"

hereditary bleeding disorders that equal a decrease in clotting factors

Front 59

Diseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Back 59

hemostatic problem, overactive clotting factors, can clot in blood vessels, can clog and restric blood supply to organs which can mean damage, can be "used up" which could equal heavy bleeding with minor injury or spontaneous bleeds without wounds, can damage RBC because travel through small vessels filled with clots

Front 60

DIC

Back 60

Diseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Front 61

thrombus

Back 61

a clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel

Front 62

possible implications of a thrombus

Back 62

may prevent blood from flowing to cells past blockage, death of heart muscle, fatal heart attack, could become an embolus

Front 63

reasons for a bleeding disorder

Back 63

genetics, impaired liver function, coagulation factors low, long term use of antibiotics, vitamin K deficiency, low RBC count

Front 64

antigen

Back 64

substance that the body recognizes as foreign, stimulates immune system to release antibodies or other defense

Front 65

antibody

Back 65

"recognizers"

present in plasma that attach to RBC bearing surface antigens different from those on patients' RBC

Front 66

agglutination of RBCs

Back 66

leads to clogging of small blood vessels phenomenon throughout body, binding of antibodies causes foreign RBCs to clump

Front 67

For the AB blood group, what is their frequency in the following populations?

White -

Black -

Asian -

Back 67

4%

4%

5%

Front 68

For the A blood group, what is their frequency in the following populations?

White -

Black -

Asian -

Back 68

40%

27%

28%

Front 69

For the B blood group, what is their frequency in the following populations?

White -

Black -

Asian -

Back 69

11%

20%

27%

Front 70

For the O blood group, what is their frequency in the following populations?

White -

Black -

Asian -

Back 70

45%

49%

40%

Front 71

Which blood group does not have an antigen?

Back 71

O

Front 72

Which blood group does not have an antibody?

Back 72

AB

Front 73

What antibodies does the A blood group have?

Back 73

Anti-B

Front 74

What antibodies does the B blood group have?

Back 74

Anti-A

Front 75

What antibodies does the O blood group have?

Back 75

Anti-A

Anti-B

Front 76

Which blood types can be received in a blood transfusion for the AB blood group?

Back 76

A, B, AB, O

Front 77

Universal Blood Group

Back 77

O

Front 78

Which blood types can be received in a blood transfusion for the A blood group?

Back 78

A, O

Front 79

Which blood types can be received in a blood transfusion for the B blood group?

Back 79

B, O

Front 80

Which blood types can be received in a blood transfusion for the O blood group?

Back 80

O

Front 81

What is meant by Rh+ blood?

Back 81

Rh positive - RBCs carry Rh antigen

Front 82

When Rh+ blood is given to a Rh- person the immune system becomes ________, produces _______ against foreign blood type.

Back 82

sensitizes, antibodies

Front 83

_____ hemoglobin has a greater ability to pick up oxygen.

Back 83

Fetal

(b/c fetal blood is less oxygen rich than Mom's)