Digestive System And Body Metabolism / Nutrition And Metabolism Workbook Ohb

Front 1

In what unit is the energy value of food measured?

Back 1

kilocalories

Front 2

kcal

Back 2

kilocalories

Front 3

What are the nutrient categories?

Back 3

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

Front 4

major nutrients

Back 4

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

Front 5

minor nutrients

Back 5

vitamins, minerals

Front 6

Dietary sources for carbohydrates

Back 6

milk sugar (lactose), glycogen in meats, grains, legumes, root vegetables

Front 7

Dietary sources for lipids

Back 7

triglycerides, meat, dairy foods, coconut, nuts, vegetable oils, egg yolk, milk products

Front 8

Dietary sources for proteins

Back 8

eggs, milk, fish, legumes, cereals

Front 9

Dietary sources for vitamins

Back 9

broccoli, cabbage, brussels sprouts

Front 10

Dietary sources for minerals

Back 10

vegetables, legumes, milk, some meats

Front 11

Dietary sources for water

Back 11

water, chia seeds, celery, cucumber

Front 12

metabolism

Back 12

broad term referring to all chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life

Front 13

Carbohydrates, particularly glucose, are usually broken down to make _____.

Back 13

ATP

Front 14

What happens (metabolically) when there are high levels of glucose in the blood?

Back 14

hyperglycemia

Front 15

What is the major breakdown product of carbohydrate digestion?

Back 15

glucose

Front 16

hyperglycemia

Back 16

some of the excess is stored in body cells as glycogen

Front 17

What happens metabolically when blood glucose levels are too low?

Back 17

hypoglycemia

Front 18

hypoglycemia

Back 18

when blood sugar levels are too low and the liver breaks down stored glycogen and releases glucose to the blood for cellular use

Front 19

What are fats used for in our bodies?

Back 19

liver cells use some fats to make ATP for their own use

Front 20

ketosis

Back 20

when large amounts of fats (instead of sugars) are used for energy, the blood becomes very acidic

Front 21

How are proteins used by the body?

Back 21

carefully conserved by body cells

Front 22

What is the breakdown product of protein digestion?

Back 22

amino acids

Front 23

essential amino acids

Back 23

eight amino acids that our body cannot make

ex: tryptohan, methionine, valine, threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine

Front 24

What amino acids are used to make ATP, what is the byproduct that the liver turns into urea for excretion?

Back 24

ammonia

Front 25

important liver functions

Back 25

manufacture of bile, detoxify drugs and alcohol, degrade hormones, make cholesterol and blood proteins, process nearly every class of nutrient, remove amino acids and fatty acids and glucose from blood, remove and destroy bacteria, maintain blood glucose levels, breakdown of fats and fatty acids, creates clotting proteins

Front 26

basal metabolic rate

Back 26

the amount of heat produced by the body per unit of time when it is under basal conditions

Front 27

total metabolic rate

Back 27

refers to the total amount of kilocalories the body must consume to fuel all ongoing activities

Front 28

Why do we heat up when we exercise?

Back 28

most of the energy released as foods are oxidized escapes as heat

Front 29

frostbite

Back 29

if restriction of blood delivery to the skin is extended, the skin cells, chilled by internal ice crystals and deprived of oxygen and nutrients begin to die

Front 30

heat loss mechanisms

Back 30

radiation, evaporation

Front 31

RDA

Back 31

Recommended Daily Allowance

Front 32

Function of Vitamin A in the body during pregnancy

Back 32

cell development, tissue growth, fetal tooth bed formation, bone growth

Front 33

Function of Vitamin D in the body during pregnancy

Back 33

absorption of calcium and phosphorus, mineralization of fetal bone tissue and tooth buds

Front 34

Function of Vitamin E in the body during pregnancy

Back 34

tissue growth, cell wall integrity and RBC integrity