Block 6: Anatomy - Intro To Neuro Ii

Front 1

What structures comprise the brainstem? What is the overall function of the brainstem?

Back 1

Brainstem: contains lots of nerve tracts for essential functions (respiration, heartbeat)

Made up of:
Medulla
Pons
Midbrain
Nuclei for cranial nerves

Front 2

What is a nucleus?

Back 2

Collection of neuron cell bodies in CNS; similar to ganglia

Front 3

What is a nerve tract?

Back 3

Bundles of nerves in CNS; connect SC to brain

Front 4

What structures comprise the diencephalon?

Back 4

Thalamic nuclei:
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Epithalamus

Front 5

Function of hypothalamus

Back 5

master control for ANS and endocrine

Front 6

Function of thalamus

Back 6

filter and relay all sensory input (except smell)

Front 7

Function of epithalamus

Back 7

Comprised of:
Pineal gland--releases melatonin; regulates circadian rhythms
Habenular Nucleus: visceral/emotional response to odors

Front 8

Function of midbrain

Components?

Back 8

Subconscious control of voluntary motor actions (substantia nigra)

Auditory and visual reflexes, e.g., looking at something when you hear it, following something with your eye (superior and inferior colliculi)

Front 9

How does PD arise? What does it result in and why?

Back 9

lack of DA production in Substantia Nigra; patients have trouble initiating movement; difficult to overcome postural muscles, because DA allows inhibition of postural muscles

Front 10

Function of Pons

Back 10

mostly nerve tracts; connections to cerebellum

Contains a RESPIRATORY CENTER (works with medulla)

Front 11

What is the function of the medulla?

Back 11

Essential functions:
Cardiac (heart rate)
Respiratory (resp rate)
Vasomotor nuclei (centers)-->output to smoth muscle of BV's to moderate BP
Reflex centers for salivation, swallowing, coughing, gagging, vomiting

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Front 33

What is a peduncle? Give 2 examples.

Back 33

Peduncle = nerve tract connections to a structure; ex: Cerebral peduncles, cerebellar peduncles

Front 34

What are the superior and inferior colliculi collectively known as?

Back 34

Corpora quadrigenema

Front 35

Where is the primary motor cortex located? Role?

Back 35

Primary Motor Cortex is in Precentral Gyrus

Contains "upper MN's" that simulate "lower MN's" of spinal cord

Front 36

What distinguishes the higher centers of the brain from the lower centers?

What regions of the brain qualify as higher centers?

Back 36

Higher centers have extra layer of gray matter

Higher centers composed of CEREBRUM and CEREBELLUM

Front 37

Central Sulcus AKA?

Back 37

Rolandic Fissure

Front 38

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located? Role?

Back 38

Primary Somatosensory Cortex is in postcentral gyrus

Receives sensory information from thalamus and determines type of pain/sensation

Front 39

Function of motor association area?

Back 39

Intermediate planning

Front 40

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

Back 40

Judgment, forethought, long-term planning, motivation

Front 41

Lateral Sulcus AKA?

Back 41

Sylvian Fissure

Front 42

What is the function of the somatosensory association area?

Back 42

Compares stimuli to things you've felt before to determine what sensation is

Front 43

Role of Frontal Lobe?

Back 43

motor, personality, judgment

Front 44

Role of Parietal Lobe?

Back 44

Somatosensory (sensations you're aware of)

Front 45

Role of occipital lobe?

Back 45

Vision

Front 46

Role of temporal lobe?

Back 46

Hearing

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