Ims: Anatomy Block 1 8/24

Front 1

How did germ layers get name?

Back 1

GERMinate to form all tissues

Front 2

With respect to layers, what changes occur during gastrulation?

Back 2

bilayer to trilayer embryo

Front 3

What are anterior/posterior in embryo?

Back 3

Cranial/Caudal

Front 4

What physical changes occur with regard to the epiblast and hypoblast during gastrulation?

Back 4

Epiblast (dorsal) begins to fold in cells toward hollow, fluid-filled space just above hypoblast; the fold is the PRIMITIVE STREAK; these cells then begin to push down on hypoblast.

FOLDING IN = INGRESSION

Front 5

What germ layers will the epiblast give rise to?

Back 5

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

Front 6

What germ layer do ingressing cells become?

Back 6

Mesoderm

Front 7

What occurs during neurulation? What germ layer is involved?

Back 7

Formation of neural tube; involves ectoderm with induction by notochord

Front 8

What does the notochord eventually become? What germ layer is it derived from?

Back 8

Brain and SC; mesoderm

Front 9

Describe the folding events of neurulation.

Back 9

Neural plate (ECTODERM) folds upward to form a hollow nerve tube (CNS) lined with neural crest cells.

Front 10

What do the nerual crest cells become?

Back 10

PNS - including DRG (cell bodies of sensory neurons)

Front 11

What happens if the neural tube doesn't close at caudal end? Cranial end?

Back 11

Spina bifida

Anacephaly (no brain forms; or surrounding tissue)

Front 12

What tissue does the ectoderm form?

Back 12

ALL nerve, some epithelial

Front 13

What tissue does the mesoderm form?

Back 13

ALL muscle, epithelial in CV and GU, ALL x-tive (except some in head)

Front 14

What tissue does the endoderm form?

Back 14

Some epithelial (lining of GI tract organs)

Front 15

What germ layer does nerve come from?

Back 15

Ectoderm

Front 16

What germ layer does muscle come from?

Back 16

Mesoderm

Front 17

What germ layer does connective tissue come from?

Back 17

Mesoderm

Front 18

What germ layer does epithelia come from?

Back 18

All three

Front 19

What does the surface ectoderm give rise to?

Back 19

epidermis, epidermis derivatives (hair, fingernails, tooth enamel, sweat glands, mammary glands)

Front 20

What does the neural tube give rise to?

Back 20

ALL of CNS -- both neurons and glial cells; axons of MN's with cell bodies in CNS

Front 21

What do the neural crest cells give rise to? Where are they eventually located?

Back 21

all of PNS -- both th eneurons and glial cells, pigment cells in skin; x-tive tissue in head region, tooth dentine, adrenal medulla, great vessels of heart

MIGRATE ALL OVER BODY

Front 22

What does the endoderm give rise to?

Back 22

Epithelia of gut tube; derivatives of gut tube:
Lungs, trachea, liver, pancreas (all bud off gut tube and lined by endoderm)

Front 23

What does the axial mesoderm become?

Back 23

notochord

Front 24

What does the paraxial mesoderm become?

Back 24

Somitomeres-->Somites (Segmented along body)

Front 25

What's unique about the paraxial mesoderm?

Back 25

All of its regions migrate to form different areas of the body

Front 26

What do sclerotome cells form?

Back 26

Vertebrae, Ribs

Front 27

What do cells of the dermatome become?

Back 27

Cells migrate under ectoderm to form CT of skin (dermis

Front 28

What do cells of the myotome become?

Back 28

migrate to form skeletal muscle within body and in limbs

Front 29

Contrast epimere with hypomere.

Back 29

Subdivisions of Myotome (form skeletal muscle)

Epimere: muscles of back

Hypomere: muscles of body wall and limbs

Front 30

What does the intermediate mesoderm form?

Back 30

Gonads (testis, ovaries), kidneys, ducts connecting them, urinary, GU tissues

Front 31

What does the somatic lateral plate mesoderm form?

Back 31

forms most CT and smooth muscles

Front 32

What does the splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm form?

Back 32

most CT and smooth muscle of enderm-lined organs and epithelial linings in body coelom

ALL tissues of CV system