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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the formula for calculating LDL from a lipid panel?
When is this not applicable? |
LDL = TC - (HDL + TG/5)
When TG > or = 400 |
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How would you estimate the caloric expenditure needed to maintain energy balance using body mass?
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1500 cals + 20 cal/kg
~30-35 cal/kg |
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Which is harder to digest: fats, proteins
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Fats are easier
Proteins are harder (require more energy; result in greater thermic effect) |
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What is non-exercise activity thermogenesis?
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Things you do other than eat, sleep, exercise; i.e., unintended (unstructured, unplanned) exercise
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What are the BMI cutoffs for:
Underweight Mild thinness Moderate thinness Severe thinness |
Underweight: under 18.5
Mild: 17-18.49 Moderate: 16's Severe: under 16 Severe: below |
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How would you calculate BMI?
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mass/(height^2)
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What are the BMI cutoffs for:
Normal Overweight Obese Obese Class I Obese Class II Obese Class III |
Normal: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 24.5-29.9 Obese: 30+ Obese 1: 30-34.9 Obese 2: 35-39.9 Obese 3: 40+ |
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Pounds per inch normal weight for male? Female?
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Male: 106 lbs first 5', 6 lbs each addl inch
Female: 100 lbs first 5', 5 lbs each addl inch |
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Android vs Gynoid
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Android = apple shape (central fat distribn)
Gynoid = pear shape (lower distribution) |
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Eligibility requirements for bariatric surgery?
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BMI >40
or BMI >35 and co-morbidity |
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Mediterranean diet characteristics? Ornish?
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Med: moderate fat, plant based; lowers TG's, raises HDL; lots of EVOO (lowers BP, glucose, insulin)
Ornish: High carbs, low compliance (atkins: GOUT!) |
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Patient at nutritional risk vs Malnourished
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Risk: recent weight change, Gi symptoms, some wasting
Malnourished: chronic weight change, persistent GI symptoms |
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Marasmus vs Kwarshiorkor
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Marasmus: General starvation
Kwashiorkor: Protein deficiency (due to diet), get big belly |
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Which vitamins are fat soluble? Water soluble?
How does this relate to storage issues? |
KEAD: fat solubles are easier to store; easier to excess
BC:; excess less likely |
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B1 (Thiamine)
Purpose Source Deficiency |
Dehydrogenase stuff
Thai rice, grains Wernicke (confusion) Beriberi Dry: heart failure, edema Wet: Neuropathy (Wernicke) |
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B3 (Niacin)
Purpose Deficiency Toxicity |
NAD+, NADP+
Pellagra (3D's) Tox: Flushing |
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B12 (Cobalamin)
Deficiency |
macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
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Vitamin A
Source Purpose Deficiency Toxicity |
Preformed in liver, meats, dairy, carrots
Visual pigments Deficiency: Night blindness Toxicity: Alopecia |
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Vitamin C
Source Deficiency |
Citrus
Scurvy: swollen gums, bruising, anemia, poor wound healing |
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Vitamin D
Purpose Source Deficiency Toxicity |
Liver, egg yolk, fish, sunlight
Rickets (kids), Osteomalacia (adults--softened bones) Hypercalcemia |
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Vitamin K
Source Deficiency |
Green leafy vegetables, bacterial synthesis in adults
Newborn: hemorrhagic disease Uncommon deficiency in adults |
