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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the germ layer origin of the lining of the respiratory diverticulum? Foregut?
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Endoderm
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What is the germ layer origin of the respiratory diverticulum? Foregut? Be specific.
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Splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm
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What does the respiratory diverticulum become? Foregut?
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RD: Lung buds-->trachea and bronchus-->Lungs
Foregut-->Esophagus, Stomach |
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What is the germ layer origin of somites?
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Paraxial mesoderm
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Where does muscle migrate in formation of diaphragm? What muscle class does it fall under? Provide specific germ layer origin.
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Muscle migrates from somites C3, C4, C5
Striated Skeletal muscle Originates from hypomere of myotome of paraxial mesoderm |
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What types of axons innervate the diaphragm? Where do they originate from on spine? What do these axons collectively form?
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Somatic muscle axons from C3, C4, C5.
Form phrenic nerve. |
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Which tube does the diaphragm originate from?
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Outer tube
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What does the sinus venosus become?
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dorsal, smooth part of RA, including RA snode, IVC, SVC
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What does the primitive atrium form?
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trabeculated wall (auricle) of RA and all of LA
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What does the primitive ventricle become?
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LV
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What does the bulbus cordis become?
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RV
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What does the truncus arteriosus become?
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Great Vessels: Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk (pulmonary ARTERY)
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Where in the developing heart is there a contribution of neural crest cells?
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truncus arteriosus
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What is the innervation of cardiac muscle? Specific germ layer origin?
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Autonomic; splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm
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Where in the developing heart do pulmonary veins sprout from?
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LA
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What occurs during septation of the heart?
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2 chambers separate into 4 chambers via ATRIAL and VENTRICULAR SEPTA
spiral TRUNCOCONAL septum divides truncus arteriosis into aorta and pulmonary trunk |
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What are the endocardial cushions? Where are they found? What do they form?
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Tissue between atria and ventricles that go on to form AV valves and septa
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Where is the foramen ovale?
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Between RA and LA
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Describe blood flow in the heart after septation.
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Oxygenated blood from L to Aorta, Deoxygenated blood from R to Pulmonary Trunk
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What is persistent truncus arteriosus? Clinical manifestations?
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Failure of spiral troncoconal septum to form; Aorta and pulmonary trunk never separate
Not a problem in womb, after birth child may be cyanotic (blue babies) |
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What is transposition of the great vessels? Clinical manifestations?
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Formation of troncoconal septum but failure to spiral
Not a problem in womb, but post-birth cyanosis (blue baby) |
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What occurs during tetralogy of Fallot?
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Unequal division of outflow tracts: stenosis (narrowing) of pulmonary trunk, ventricular septal defet, overriding aorta, enlarged RV. Patent ductus arteriosis also present.
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What is patent ductus arteriosis?
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ductus arteriosus fails to close normally in an infant
soon after birth |
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Beginning and ending with the placenta, describe the flow of blood in a fetus.
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Placenta:
O2 blood enters UMBILICAL VEIN Through Liver: DUCTUS VENOSUS To IVC--blood mixes with DeO2 blood Mixed blood to RA to RV 1)to PA (trunk)--not much blood to lungs (lungs are collapsed) to aorta (via DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS) 2) to LA to LV (via FORAMEN OVALE) to aorta 1 + 2) 3) to system From system: SVC->RA--->---->Aorta-->Umbilical Arteries |
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What changes in fetal circulation occur at birth?
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1) Lungs Expand; reduced resistance to blood flow to lungs
2) Blood flows to lungs 3) Blood returns to pulmonary veins; increased P in LA, shuts foramen ovale-->becomes fossa ovalis 4) Foramen ovale closes 5) Ductus arteriosis closes and becomes ligamentum arteriosum (remnant of fetal circuln) |
