Bisci Bone Tissue

Front 1

Energy is stored in fat cells or ..... tissue in the yellow bone marrow. This tissue is found inside the hollow core of bones, particularly long bones

Back 1

adipose

Front 2

The production of blood cells is called

Back 2

hemopoesis

Front 3

Thus bones can become too thin to support body weight and may break easily. This condition is called .......

Back 3

osteoporosis

Front 4

...... is a hormone that regulates the amount of calcium stored in the bone. Essentially, the calcium withdrawals increase substantially and osteoporosis can result

Back 4

Estrogen

Front 5

..... is a stem cell, or a cell that generates a population of other cells that specialize to become the functional cells found in bone.

Back 5

Osteoprogenitor

Front 6

Cells that build and maintain cartilage

Back 6

Chondroblasts & Chondrocytes

Front 7

Bone-forming cells that cause the development of the hard extra-cellular matrix of the bone.

Back 7

Osteoblasts

Front 8

Cells that dissolve the bone matrix to release stored ions.

Back 8

Osteoclasts

Front 9

Mature cells that maintain bone structure.

Back 9

Osteocytes

Front 10

Is made up of concentric rings of matrix that surround central canals which contain blood vessels.
Embedded in this bone tissue are small cave-like spaces called lacunae, which are connected to each other through small tunnels called canalicula.
The lacunae contain osteocytes, which help maintain healthy bone tissue. They are also involved in the bone remodeling process that will be outlined later in this lesson.

Back 10

Compact bone

Front 11

Looks like an irregular latticework (or sponge) with lots of spaces throughout.
These spaces are filled with red bone marrow which is the site of hemopoesis or formation of blood cells.

Back 11

Spongy bone

Front 12

The ...... refers to the end of the bone, and the ..... refers to the main shaft of the bone. Each Epiphysis is connected to an adjacent bone by a structure called a joint. In some joints, the ends of each bone are covered with articular cartilage which keeps the ends of the bones from grinding together when moving.

Back 12

Epiphysis,Diaphysis

Front 13

Another name for a growth plate

Back 13

epiphyseal plate

Front 14

At the growth plate, .... first produce hyaline cartilage

Back 14

chondrocytes

Front 15

In growing bone we find ..... on the periosteal side adding bone, and .... on the endosteal side removing some bone tissue.

Back 15

Osteoblasts,Osteoclasts

Front 16

The ..... skeleton is the main central part of skeleton or bones of the torso. It houses most major organs.

Skull (cranium and facial bones)
Auditory ossicles (bones of the ears)
Vertebral column
Thorax (sternum and ribs)

Back 16

Axial

Front 17

The ...... skeleton includes the 4 major appendages and all the bones needed to attach the legs and arms to the axial skeleton.

Back 17

Appendicular

Front 18

Typically have the least amount of movement.
These are essentially just a thin layer of connective tissue that ties two bones together.
Examples include a cone peg and socket arrangement like a tooth root fitting into a socket in the jaw. The two bones are held by connective tissue so the tooth doesn't pop out.
Another example is a Suture where a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue holds two bones together.
A classic example is how the bones of the skull are fused together.

Back 18

Fibrous Joints

Front 19

Hold bones together using some cartilage.
There can be a very slight flexing at this type of joint but movement is not really normal for such a joint.
Examples include the Epiphyseal plate and the way ribs are attached to the sternum or breast bone.

Back 19

Cartilaginous joints

Front 20

Very common and also provide the most movement.
Bones in a synovial joint have to move freely so each end of the bones that meet at the joint are covered with a layer of articular cartilage. This cartilage is kept healthy by cartilage producing cells called chondrocytes.
A capsule membrane surrounds the joint and encloses a space that's filled with lubricating fluid.
Strong strips of connective tissue called ligaments provide strength to the joint and help hold the bones together in the proper position.
The knees are good examples of large synoival joints.

Back 20

Synovial joints

Front 21

This is considered an autoimmune disease. Sometimes the immune system gets confused and attacks your own body tissues.
In this case, there is inflammation of the synovial membrane and joints, like knuckles become enlarged. Inside the joint the cartilage gets destroyed and fibrous tissue replaces it.
Eventually the tissue becomes ossified or hard calcified tissue forms and the bones become "fused" together. In the end there is no movement at the affected joint.

Back 21

Rheumatoid

Front 22

Technically a non-inflammatory disease.
Articular cartilage on end of bone just wears down and is replaced by bone spurs.
Usually major joints affected (load bearing) , ankles, hips, knees or any other used repeatedly (shoulder or elbow in a tennis player.)

Back 22

Osteoarthritis

Front 23

This form is caused by the buildup of the metabolic waste product Uric acid. Uric acid is a waste product that comes with high protein diets.
High levels of this cause saturation and crystal deposits form in cartilage (a symptom of Rhematoid arthritis) and also lead to bone fusion.
Genes - can run in families.
Diet - associated with high protein diet, once thought of as "Rich man's" disease.
Stress - makes everything worse.
Climate - cold and damp is worse.
Affect older men - age plays role in genetically affected males, who eat lots of meat, are stressed and sit in cold rain at football games or hunting season.

Back 23

Gouty arthritis

Front 24

This disease is named for the town of Lyme, Connecticut where it was first characterized. The disease is caused by a bacterial infection.

The organism is called Borellia and gets into the bloodstream when someone is bitten by a deer tick. The tick acts as a vector (tick carries the bacteria that are found in mice). The ticks pick up the organism from the mice and catch a ride on deer to place where humans are. The ticks hop off and then, bite and inject the organism into the blood stream of a passing human.
The disease is characterized by flu symptoms that come and go,and maybe bull's eye rash. Later, cardiac, neurological problems and arthritis can develop.
Treatment is effective but requires antibiotics to be given early on. Otherwise symptoms can become severe. Recent studies show even single dose given in first few hours can be sufficient for cure. Otherwise massive, long-term antibiotics may or may not provide full cure.

Back 24

Lyme disease