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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How is/are the chromosome(s) oriented in prokaryotes? |
One circular chromosome in a nucleoid (a big ball) with 1 to 100 DNA molecules (plasmids). The DNA is supercoiled, the actual length is 500x that of the cell. |
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What is Chromatin? |
Complex of Protein and DNA |
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What is the exoskeleton made of? |
Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments |
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Purpose of Rough ER |
Protein processing/folding/modification and packing |
Has to do with proteins |
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Purpose of Smooth ER |
Makes lipids/steroids/hormones. Detoxifies drugs and stores calcium. |
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What do ribosomes in the ER make? What do ribosomes in the cytosol make? |
ER makes proteins that are exported out of the cell. Cytosol ribosomes make enzymes for use inside the cell. |
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Talk about the nuclear envelope |
Structure: double lipid bilayer with lattice-like sheet (nuclear lamina) Perforated with nuclear pores that regulates the movement of proteins and mRNA |
Structure and purpose |
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What do all cells have? |
A plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA |
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Describe Mitochondria's structure |
Has a smooth outer membrane and a inner membrane which is folded into cristae to increase surface area |
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What is polymerization? |
The process of making a polymer from monomers |
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What are microtubules? |
They are polymers of tubulin that provide tracks for motor proteins to carry cargo around the cell |
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What is the centrosome? |
The centrosome is the microtubule organizing centre |
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Give two examples of motor proteins |
Dynein and Kinesin |
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What are cilia/flagella? What is their function? |
They are structures made up of microtubules that extend from the plasma membrane. They are attached to the cell via a basal body.
They are composed of 9 double microtubules and 2 single microtubules, all covered by the membrane.
The entire structure, basal body and all, is called an axoneme.
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