Bis 104 Mt #1

Front 1

Browse over cell introduction from lecture notes, know basics

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Front 2

What are the ways to gather information and the steps of the scientific method?

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Front 3

What is the functional activity of avB3 integrin? What was the experimental strategy to accomplish this (types of cells needed)?

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Front 4

Did the amount of time that the cytoplasm had been exposed to progesterone make a difference in the capability of the frog oocyte to stimulate mitosis?

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Front 5

When is the peak of MPF at? What is MPF consist of? Which protein subunit regulates its activity?

Back 5

-Peak of MPF is at the very beginning of mitosis, its when the nuclear membrane breaks down
MPF made of:
Catalytic unit:(protein kinase) that transfers a phosphate group from ATP to specific serine and threonine residues of specific protein substrates
-Regulatory unit: a cyclin protein
-Cdks are referred to a the cell cycle “engines” are highly conserved, and are found in every organism from yeast to human

Front 6

What does the level of HA have to do with the likelihood of forming cancer? ( eurpoean naked vole)

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Front 7

Give an appropriate description of what happens at each of the parts of the cell cyle ( Mitosis, Interphase, checkpoints)

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Front 8

What are the three types of cell cycle cell types ( in vivo)?

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Front 9

What happens when you fuse two cells that are in two phases of the cell cycle? ( M +G1)

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Front 10

How would you stimulate onset of M-phase of Large Primary Oocytes? What would be a positive and negative control?

Back 10

-Stimulate onset of M-phase by treating donor oocytes with progesterone
-With a micropipet, remove some cytoplasm from activated donor oocyte
-Inject donor cytoplasm into arrested oocyte host
-Observe for onset of M-phase

Positive Control: Injecting cytoplasm from another organism
Negative Control: Injecting a cell with saline of the same volume of injected cytoplasm

Front 11

Does cyclin concentration dictate whether the kinase is activated?

Back 11

Progression of cells into mitosis is dependent on the enzyme whose activity is to phosphorylate proteins (cdk) and the activity of this enzyme is controlled by a subunit whose concentration varies from one stage of the cell cycle to another (cyclin)

Front 12

What is correlative evidence? loss of function/gain of function? negative controls? positive controls? All of these are the rules of evidence

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Front 13

Define Plausibility, Necessity, Sufficiency

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Front 14

What happens after there is a double stand break and ATM becomes activated? describe the phosphorylation cascade

Back 14

Damage to DNA leads to the synthesis of proteins that directly inhibit the cyclin-cdk complex that drives the cell cycle

Front 15

Define:
1) Magnification
2) Resolution
3)Contrast
4) Empty Magnification
5) Flurochrome

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Front 16

What is light microscopy?

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Front 17

What is Bright field microscopy?

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Front 18

What is phase contrast microscopy?

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Front 19

What is flourscence microscopy?

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Front 20

What is FRET?

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Front 21

What is laser scanning confocal microscopy?

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Front 22

What is freeze fracture?

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Front 23

What is SEM?

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Front 24

What is Atomic force microscopy?

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Front 25

Describe cell culture, what are advantages/disadvantages?

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Front 26

What is SDS PAGE? how is it used to detect proteins?

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Front 27

How are antibodies used?

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Front 28

What is FACS?

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Front 29

What is immunohistochemistry?

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Front 30

What is the advantage of having compartments in the cell? What function does it serve to have membranes?

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Front 31

Why does the plasma membrane have the polar head groups on the outside and the hydrophobic tails in the middle?

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Front 32

What proteins allow certain molecules to move through the membrane?

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Front 33

What three kinds of lipids make up the plasma membrane?

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Front 34

Where are phospholipids and sphingolipids located in the leaflets compared to cholesterol? Which is in both leaflets?

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Front 35

What factors control membrane fluidity?

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Front 36

What are lipid rafts and what do they do?

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Front 37

What causes CF? Why is there mucus buildup? Whats going on, on a cellular level?

Back 37

-defect in the ion channels of epithelial cells causes CF
-defect in a protein CFTR
-Abnormalities in the flux of Cl-, HCO3-, and Na+ caused by the CFTR deficiency leads to a decrease in the fluid that bathes the epithelial cells of the airways
-This leads to a buildup of mucus that leads to respiratory infections, inflammation because cilia cant push mucus out

Front 38

Define Integrin, VEGF, Victronectin, Ligand, Transfection, Cell line, conditioned media

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Front 39

-Go over Notes in light blue binder, make sure you understand, this is including PQ #1-5
-Also go over PQ #12 (Figure 3) in PNAS doc
-Cell components
-PQ #6-11

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