Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Where does sensory information go before being projected up the cortex for processing? |
Thalamus |
You know this, fool
|
|
|
Information from the ______ visual field goes to the _______ hemisphere, and vice versa |
It doesn't matter whether you put left then right or right then left- the point is that it's the opposite side |
Swapsies |
|
|
Messages from the senses: ____________ Process by which sensation is given meaning: _______________ Perception begins in the ________, and the _________ can be considered part of the brain |
sensation; perception; eyes; retina |
Remember why this lecture was difficult? Eyes are clever! |
|
|
Each retina contains more than 100 million light-sensitive cells, some more active than others, called...? |
Photoreceptors |
What you are while you are waiting for your passport shots |
|
|
Human vision is _________ to our needs. _________ and ___________ are good, and _______ vision is excellent, but _______ vision is poor as we don't need it |
adapted; sensitivity; sharpness; colour; night |
Think about it. You are not a cat... |
|
|
The image that hits the back of the eye is ______ ______. The _________ system widens the _____, letting in more light to see better- the _________system narrows it |
upside down; sympathetic; parasympathetic |
Think back to nervous system functions... |
|
|
Doctors use ACh blockers to examine eyes, as ACh causes pupil to _______- blocking recptors causes pupils to dilate |
Contract; dilate. Similar effect to Belladonna |
I think this one is right? Think Belladonna |
|
|
Drugs: _______ and ________ constrict pupils. ______________ dilate pupils. Police are trained to observe this within certain margins |
Opiates; alcohol; amphetamines (and others) |
Drugz are bad |
|
|
Where are light detector cells in the eye, and in which direction does the signal travel? |
They are at the bad, signal travels forward. Dumb |
James said this is just evolution being mad, you'd never design it this way....? |
|
|
There are ______ cells and _______ cells. _____ cells can't see in colour; there are ___ ________ of these. There are _____ __________ cones cells, and these are used for ________ and _________ |
rod; cone; rod; 100 million; 4 million; focusing; colour |
The guy with the emu; what your ice-cream comes in...what else you want?? |
|
|
There are 1 million RGCs, which transfer info from retina to brain. What does RGC stand for? |
Retinal Ganglion Cells |
Really Good Cwestion? |
|
|
In the eye, what is different about the action potential?? |
The sodium channels close, not open, when light hits the receptors and the neuron fires |
Something 'bout dem sodium channels |
|
|
Bright light, colours and detail; ___________ More numerous and more sensitive to dim light: ______________ |
Cones; rods
There are many more rod cells. Cones don't work at night so can't see colour |
well, it's rods or cones isn't it? |
|
|
The ________ is centre of the retina and is responsible for detail and focus- which is why it's easier to focus on something you are fixed on looking at! |
Fovea. I don't remember that either |
If you remember this you're a mad, mad person |
|
|
Many photoreceptors report to the same RGC. Light hitting the detectors in the middle _______ the ganglion, while the others towards the sides ________ it. |
excite; inhibit
Getting to the nitty gritty now |
Giddy or moody? |
|
|
Centre of the photoreceptor therefore increases firing, while depressing the surround (get the slides out. it makes sense). What happens in darkness? |
Because there's no light, there's no stimulation to cause an increase in firing rate, so the brain knows there's no light. It is still firing though |
No light = no what? |
|
|
So, partial light? Get the pics out.
In partial light, there's no light hitting some detectors, so there's _______ inhibition, meaning RGC is firing ________ than in bright light or total darkness |
less; faster |
Remember all the smiley things behind black on the slides? |
|
|
With even less light, where there's no light striking the centre of the receptor, there is no ____________, resulting in a very _________ signal to the visual cortex |
excitation; slow |
Dunno. I just wrote them |
|
|
So what are RGCs interested in? What makes them go bonkers? |
Edges of shadows make them fire fastest, because detectors on the dark side don't fire, and therefore don't inhibit the central excitatory signal, sending RGC nuts. |
Where exciting people live their lives..? |
|
|
We are interested in the _______ of objects; this is decided in the _______. |
edges; eyes |
:-P |
|
|
Hermann Grid (the black and white thing with the blobs)
Why do you see the grey blobs at the intersections? |
Light is coming from 4 sides of the intersections, but only 2 sides in the adjoining bands, which means the region viewing the intersection is more inhibited than the region viewing the bands, causing the blobs to appear at the intersection. The bright surround therefore makes the area appear darker. |
Hard question. Is he nasty enough to ask us this? |
|
|
Gestalt psychology: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
4 principles are...? |
emergence, reification, multistability, invarience |
Probably not on the test, hard to remember! |
|
|
Emergence: like seeing Jesus in you toast. An emergence of a _________ pattern from ________ shapes |
complex; simple |
Remember the dalmatian picture? |
|
|
Treating something as being real even when it's not there: ____________ |
Reification. As in the triangle- and -circles thing, get the slides |
Look at the slides! |
|
|
Popping back in forth between possibilites, as in the see-through (Necker) cube is...? |
Multistability. Also the rabbit/duck illusion, which was influenced by social context (Easter = rabbit) |
rabbit/duck thing as well? |
|
|
Able to see same shapes regardless of their rotation: What this is? |
Invariance. Woah baby. |
Well, it's the other one, basically |
|
|
Motion Parallax: When looking out of the car window, closer things move ________, while further away objects seem to move much _________ |
quickly; slower |
Dougal and Father Ted |
|
|
The visual pathway: visual fields send info to the _________ hemisphere. The info passes through the ___________ from both sides and on to the left or right primary ________ cortex |
opposite; thalamus; visual |
You should know the first one. Also where does sensory info always go, and what sense are we talking about? |
|
|
Two Streams Hypothesis: This consists of a ________ (upper, along parietal lobe) stream, and a _________ (lower, along temporal lobe) stream |
Dorsal; ventral |
Think a type of fin, for the first one |
|
|
The ventral stream, or the '______' pathway, is involved with object identification, while the dorsal stream, or the '______' pathway, terminates in the parietal lobe and processes spatial locations. |
what; where
Dorsal is older; helps with reaching for things and awareness of where you are physically. Ventral is newer and draws from temporal lobe (memory) and limbic system (emotion) |
Just 2 'questioning' words |
|
|
What happened to D.F. after her carbon monoxide incident? |
Hypthosis is that ventral stream damage meant she could see things, but didn't know what they were by name, though she could describe it. Also cannot recognise faces, but could move normally and pick things up |
It's a matter of remembering. |
|
|
Opposite to what happened to D.F. is dorsal impairment, called...? |
Optic ataxia. You would be able to identify things, but we be unable to reach out and grasp them |
Opposite of D.F., come onnnnnnn.... |
