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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Energy
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the capacity to bring about movement against an opposing force
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Mechanical energy
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captured in the wound-up spring of the musical teddy bear
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Chemical energy
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energy held in the chemical bonds of a peach or a lump of coal
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Potential energy
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stored energy: the rock perched precariously at the top of the hill; the charged ions kept on one side of a cell membrane
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Kinetic energy
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energy in motion, as with the rock tumbling down the hill or charged ions rushing in through a protein channel
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Thermodynamics
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the study of energy
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First law of thermodynamics
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energy is never created of destroyed, but is only transformed. The sun's energy is not used up be green plants; rather, some of this energy is converted by the plans into chemical form
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Second law of thermodynamics
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Energy transfer always results in a greater amount of disorder in the universe
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Entropy
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a measure of the amount of disorder in a system
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Exergonic reactions
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Energy Out: reactions in which the starting set of molecules contains more energy than the final set of molecules
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Endergonic reactions
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Reactions in which the products contain more energy than the reactants.
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Coupled reaction
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a chemical reaction in which an exergonic reaction powers an endergonic reaction
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Synthetic work
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building macromolecules (making protein)
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Mechanical work
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moving molecules past each other (muscle shortening)
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Concentration work
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creating chemical gradients (storing glucose)
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Electrical work
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creating ion gradients (unequal distribution of sodium and potassium ions)
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Heat
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molecular motion
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Mechanical
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moving molecules past each other
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Electrical
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moving charged particles
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ATP
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ATP is used in energy requiring reactions like muscle movement
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